Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease.

Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Research Abstract Details 

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Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Abstract Text:

Xiongwei Zhu,Mark A Smith,Kazuhiro Honda,Gjumrakch Aliev,Paula I Moreira,Akihiko Nunomura,Gemma Casadesus,Peggy L R Harris,Sandra L Siedlak,George Perry,

Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular dementia are two common causes of dementia and, by present diagnostic criteria, are mutually exclusive using vascular pathology as an arbitrary demarcation in differential diagnosis. However, evidence from epidemiological, neuropathological, clinical, pharmacological, and functional studies suggest considerable overlap in risk factors and pathological changes suggesting shared common pathogenic mechanisms between these two diseases such that vascular factors play a vital role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. A high energy demand and lack of an endogenous fuel reserve make the brain highly dependent upon a continuous blood supply where disruption of cerebral blood vessels and blood flow can have serious consequences on neural activities. Indeed, many studies implicate metabolic defects in Alzheimer disease, such a reduced brain metabolism is one of the best documented abnormalities in the disease. Notably, since endothelial reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide act as vasodilators at low concentrations, increased production coupled with elevated reactive oxygen species scavenging of nitric oxide, can lead to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress that damage sensitive vascular cells. In this respect, we and others have demonstrated that oxidative stress is one of the earliest pathological changes in the brain of Alzheimer disease patients and plays a critical role in the vascular abnormalities underlying metabolic defects in Alzheimer disease. Here, we discuss vascular factors in relation to Alzheimer disease and review hypoperfusion as a potential cause by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress initiating the pathogenic process.

Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Publishing Authors By Initials

X Zhu,MA Smith,K Honda,G Aliev,PI Moreira,A Nunomura,G Casadesus,PL Harris,SL Siedlak,G Perry,

For similar biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition: metabolism: oxidative stress research abstracts see: biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition: metabolism: oxidative stress research

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Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: Journal of the neurological sciences

VOLUME: 257

Page Numbers: 240-6

Journal Abbreviation: J. Neurol. Sci.

ISSN: 0022-510X

DAY: 6

MONTH: 03

YEAR: 2007

Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Information

Number of References: 101

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 375403

Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Oxidative Stress

MESH TERMS: physiology

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Information

Substance Name: Nitric Oxide

Registry Number: 10102-43-9

Grant and Affiliation Information for Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease.

AFFILIATION: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.

Country: Netherlands

AGENCY: United States NIA

GRANT: R01 AG024028-02

ACRONYM: AG

MEDLINETA: J Neurol Sci

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