Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases.

Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases. Research Abstract Details 

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Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases. Abstract Text:

Irina Maljkovic Berry,Ruy Ribeiro,Moulik Kothari,Gayathri Athreya,Marcus Daniels,Ha Youn Lee,William Bruno,Thomas Leitner,

HIV-1 sequences in intravenous drug user (IDU) networks are highly homogenous even after several years, while this is not observed in most sexual epidemics. To address this disparity, we examined the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evolutionary rate on the population level for IDU and heterosexual transmissions. All available HIV-1 env V3 sequences from IDU outbreaks and heterosexual epidemics with known sampling dates were collected from the Los Alamos HIV sequence database. Evolutionary rates were calculated using phylogenetic trees with a t test root optimization of dated samples. The evolutionary rate of HIV-1 subtype A1 was found to be 8.4 times lower in fast spread among IDUs in the former Soviet Union (FSU) than in slow spread among heterosexual individuals in Africa. Mixed epidemics (IDU and heterosexual) showed intermediate evolutionary rates, indicating a combination of fast- and slow-spread patterns. Hence, if transmissions occur repeatedly during the initial stage of host infection, before selective pressures of the immune system have much impact, the rate of HIV-1 evolution on the population level will decrease. Conversely, in slow spread, where HIV-1 evolves under the pressure of the immune system before a donor infects a recipient, the virus evolution at the population level will increase. Epidemiological modeling confirmed that the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 depends on the rate of spread and predicted that the HIV-1 evolutionary rate in a fast-spreading epidemic, e.g., for IDUs in the FSU, will increase as the population becomes saturated with infections and the virus starts to spread to other risk groups.

Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases. Publishing Authors By Initials

IM Berry,R Ribeiro,M Kothari,G Athreya,M Daniels,HY Lee,W Bruno,T Leitner,

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Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, U.S. Gov't,

Journal: Journal of virology

VOLUME: 81

Page Numbers: 10625-35

Journal Abbreviation: J. Virol.

ISSN: 0022-538X

DAY: 18

MONTH: 07

YEAR: 2007

Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases. Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 113724

Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Molecular Sequence Data

MESH TERMS: genetics

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Grant and Affiliation Information for Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases.

AFFILIATION: Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden. inam@lanl.gov

Country: United States

AGENCY: United States NIAID

GRANT: Y1-AI-1500-07

ACRONYM: AI

MEDLINETA: J Virol

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