Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning.

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Research Abstract Details 

Research Abstract Table of Contents

Jump to the:

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Abstract Text:

Aaron R Seitz,Jose E Nanez,Steve Holloway,Yoshiaki Tsushima,Takeo Watanabe,

The role of external reinforcement is an issue of much debate and uncertainty in perceptual learning research. Although it is commonly acknowledged that external reinforcement, such as performance feedback, can aid in perceptual learning (M. H. Herzog & M. Fahle, 1997), there are many examples in which it is not required (K. Ball & R. Sekuler, 1987; M. Fahle, S. Edelman, & T. Poggio, 1995; A. Karni & D. Sagi, 1991; S. P. McKee & G. Westheimer, 1978; L. P. Shiu & H. Pashler, 1992). Additionally, learning without external reinforcement can occur even for stimuli that are irrelevant to the subject's task (A. R. Seitz & T. Watanabe, 2003). It has been thus hypothesized that internal reinforcement can serve a similar role as external reinforcement in learning (M. H. Herzog & M. Fahle, 1998; A. Seitz & T. Watanabe, 2005). This idea suggests that perceptual learning should occur in the absence of external reinforcement provided that easy exemplars are utilized as a basis for the subject to generate internal reinforcement. Here, we report results from two studies that show that this is not always the case. In the first study, subjects participated in two sessions of a motion direction discrimination task with low-contrast dots moving in directions separated by 90 degrees. In the second study, subjects participated in 12 orientation-discrimination sessions using oriented bars (oriented either 70 degrees or 110 degrees) that were masked by spatial noise. Trials of different signal levels (yielding psychometric functions ranging from chance to ceiling) were randomly interleaved. In both studies, subjects experiencing external reinforcement showed significant learning, whereas subjects receiving no external reinforcement failed to show learning. We conclude that while internal reinforcement is an important learning signal, the presence of easy exemplars is not sufficient to generate reinforcement signals.

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Publishing Authors By Initials

AR Seitz,JE Nanez,S Holloway,Y Tsushima,T Watanabe,

For similar psychological phenomena and processes: mental processes: perception: visual perception research abstracts see: psychological phenomena and processes: mental processes: perception: visual perception research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, U.S. Gov't,

Journal: Journal of vision

VOLUME: 6

Page Numbers: 966-73

Journal Abbreviation:

ISSN: 1534-7362

DAY: 22

MONTH: 08

YEAR: 2006

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 101147197

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Visual Perception

MESH TERMS:

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning. Information

Substance Name:

Registry Number:

Grant and Affiliation Information for Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning.

AFFILIATION: Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. aseitz@bu.edu

Country: United States

AGENCY: United States NEI

GRANT: R01EY015980-01

ACRONYM: EY

MEDLINETA: J Vis

REFSOURCE:

DATABASENAME:

ACCESSION NUMBER:

Number Hits: 0

Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning Related Publications

• Analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 delta32 polymorphism in a Brazilian population with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
• Behavioral Determination of Odor Preference is Coded by the Oscillation Frequency in a Collective Oscillating Network of a Terrestrial Mollusk.
• Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation and surgical therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma of 3cm or less in diameter.
• Decreased renal expressions of heat shock protein-72 and -25 are associated with renal dysfunction in biliary cirrhotic rats.
• Design of a synchrotron radiation source at Tohoku University.
• Divergent activities of interferon-alpha subtypes against intracellular hepatitis C virus replication.
• Effect of the moderate exercise on performance in upper/lower limb during long term bed rest.
• Effects of aminoglutethimide phosphate on litter size and birth weight in superovulated rats.
• Efficacy of ecabet sodium enema on steroid resistant or steroid dependent ulcerative colitis.
• Efficient Gene Transfer into Differentiated Human Trophoblast Cells with Adenovirus Vector Containing RGD Motif in the Fiber Protein.
• Enhancement of cytoprotective ability and cell restoration in 70-kDa heat shock protein gene-transfected rat gastric mucosal cells.
• Epimorphin expression and stellate cell status in mouse liver injury.
• Establishment of a novel chondrocytic cell line N1511 derived from p53-null mice.
• Genipin prevents fulminant hepatic failure resulting in reduction of lethality through the suppression of TNF-alpha production.
• Heart rate turbulence slope reduction in imminent ventricular tachyarrhythmia and its implications.
• Hepatic gene expression in hepatocyte-specific Pten deficient mice showing steatohepatitis without ethanol challenge.
• High-performance EUV/soft X-ray ellipsometry system using multilayer mirrors.
• Hydrodynamics-based gene delivery of naked DNA encoding fetal liver kinase-1 gene effectively suppresses the growth of pre-existing tumors.
• Mucins and ocular surface disease.
• Optical design for a bending-magnet beamline based on a varied-line-spacing plane grating.
• Proline promoted synthesis of ring-fused homodimers: self-condensation of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes.
• Pyocyanin isolated from a marine microbial population: synergistic production between two distinct bacterial species and mode of action.
• Root caries prevalence in a group of Brazilian adult dental patients.
• Scrotal imaging.
• Synthesis and biological activity of 5',9-anhydro-3-purine-isonucleosides as potential anti-hepatitis C virus agents.
• Technical note: measurement of ferritin in bovine milk and its clinical significance.
• Transmission multilayer polarizers for use in the 55-90 eV region.
• Treatment for intercostal arterial aneurysm in neurofibromatosis type 1.
• Two cases requiring external reinforcement in perceptual learning.
• Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma mimicking complete-type intestinal metaplasia in the stomach.