The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance.

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Research Abstract Details 

Research Abstract Table of Contents

Jump to the:

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Abstract Text:

W H James,

Girls are born lighter than boys. The consistency of this observation across different populations is striking, suggesting that it may have fundamental significance for those conditions linked with lower birth weight, such as diabetes. Previous hypotheses relating low birth weight to subsequent diabetes have addressed differences in insulin resistance within the sexes, not between them. Here, we propose that gender-specific genes affecting insulin sensitivity are responsible for the gender difference in birth weight--the genetically more insulin resistant female fetus is less responsive to the trophic effects of insulin and is therefore smaller. These genes also render female subjects more susceptible to diabetes, explaining why reports of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in younger populations show a female preponderance. Consistent with our proposal, concentrations of insulin and/or its propeptides are higher at birth in female populations and they are intrinsically more insulin resistant throughout life, with attendant impact on their metabolism, and the regressions describing the relationship between insulin resistance and adiposity in female and male subjects have similar gradients, but different constants. These gender-specific genes have a demonstrable impact on fetal growth and insulin resistance. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are thought to be driven by insulin resistance, and the observations reported here may help to focus the search for genes that control it.

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Publishing Authors By Initials

WH James,

For similar reproductive and urinary physiology: reproduction: sex characteristics research abstracts see: reproductive and urinary physiology: reproduction: sex characteristics research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: International journal of obesity (2005)

VOLUME: 30

Page Numbers: 1056-61

Journal Abbreviation:

ISSN: 0307-0565

DAY: 19

MONTH: Jul

YEAR: 2006

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Information

Number of References: 66

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 101256108

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Sex Characteristics

MESH TERMS: physiopathology

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance. Information

Substance Name: Insulin

Registry Number: 11061-68-0

Grant and Affiliation Information for The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance.

AFFILIATION: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth Campus, Plymouth, UK.

Country: England

AGENCY:

GRANT:

ACRONYM:

MEDLINETA: Int J Obes (Lond)

REFSOURCE:

DATABASENAME:

ACCESSION NUMBER:

Number Hits: 0

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance Related Publications

• A graphical model approach to automated classification of protein subcellular location patterns in multi-cell images.
• Application of microarray technology in psychotropic drug trials.
• Appropriate use of funds.
• Characterization of igaB, a second immunoglobulin A1 protease gene in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.
• Chest physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis: improved tolerance with nasal pressure support ventilation.
• Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor.
• Co-expression of interleukin-6 and human growth hormone in apparently normal prostate biopsies that ultimately progress to prostate cancer using low pH, high temperature antigen retrieval.
• Cold defect on bone scan in a vertebral body after percutaneous vertebroplasty.
• Developmental expression of EphA4-tyrosine kinase receptor in the mouse brain and spinal cord.
• Distinct characteristics of murine STAT4 activation in response to IL-12 and IFN-alpha.
• Estrus synchronisation and fertility in gilts using a synthetic progestagen (Allyl Trenbolone) and inseminated with fresh stored or frozen semen.
• Extraction-dependent effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) on human breast cancer cell proliferation and estrogen receptor activation.
• Genomic copy number changes affecting the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene in cancer: a model for patient classification to aid fluoropyrimidine therapy.
• Human cytomegalovirus open reading frame US28 encodes a functional beta chemokine receptor.
• Immunization of cattle against modified peptides of gonadotropin releasing hormone conjugated to carriers: Effectiveness of Freund's and alternative adjuvants.
• Long-term variations in human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I and HTLV-II proviral loads and association with clinical data.
• Mapping of the mouse macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha receptor gene Scya3r and two related mouse beta chemokine receptor-like genes to chromosome 9.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tourette syndrome.
• Positive and negative regulation of Natural Killer cells: therapeutic implications.
• Public health ethics in action: flu vaccine and drug allocation strategies.
• Sexual orientation, sexual abuse, and HIV-risk behaviors among adolescents in the Pacific Northwest.
• Source and item memory for odors and objects in children and young adults.
• Structure and functional expression of the human macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha/RANTES receptor.
• Subfrontal schwannoma: a case report and literature review.
• Subtotal ear canal ablation in 18 dogs and one cat with minimal distal ear canal pathology.
• THE SAND-FLIES OF THE GAMBIA (DIPTERA: PHLEBOTOMINAE).
• The L-Type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.3 mediates consolidation, but not extinction, of contextually conditioned fear in mice.
• The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance.
• Trauma as a precipitant of haemorrhage in synovial cysts.
• Workflow and problem domain as information planning tools in a pediatric clinic--defining present and future information technology needs.