The discordant eardrum.

The discordant eardrum. Research Abstract Details 

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The discordant eardrum. Abstract Text:

Jonathan P Fay,Sunil Puria,Charles R Steele,

At frequencies above 3 kHz, the tympanic membrane vibrates chaotically. By having many resonances, the eardrum can transmit the broadest possible bandwidth of sound with optimal sensitivity. In essence, the eardrum works best through discord. The eardrum's success as an instrument of hearing can be directly explained through a combination of its shape, angular placement, and composition. The eardrum has a conical asymmetrical shape, lies at a steep angle with respect to the ear canal, and has organized radial and circumferential collagen fiber layers that provide the scaffolding. Understanding the role of each feature in hearing transduction will help direct future surgical reconstructions, lead to improved microphone and loudspeaker designs, and provide a basis for understanding the different tympanic membrane structures across species. To analyze the significance of each anatomical feature, a computer simulation of the ear canal, eardrum, and ossicles was developed. It is shown that a cone-shaped eardrum can transfer more force to the ossicles than a flat eardrum, especially at high frequencies. The tilted eardrum within the ear canal allows it to have a larger area for the same canal size, which increases sound transmission to the cochlea. The asymmetric eardrum with collagen fibers achieves optimal transmission at high frequencies by creating a multitude of deliberately mistuned resonances. The resonances are summed at the malleus attachment to produce a smooth transfer of pressure across all frequencies. In each case, the peculiar properties of the eardrum are directly responsible for the optimal sensitivity of this discordant drum.

The discordant eardrum. Publishing Authors By Initials

JP Fay,S Puria,CR Steele,

For similar ear, external: tympanic membrane research abstracts see: ear, external: tympanic membrane research

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The discordant eardrum. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, N.I.H., Extr

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of

VOLUME: 103

Page Numbers: 19743-8

Journal Abbreviation: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

ISSN: 0027-8424

DAY: 14

MONTH: 12

YEAR: 2006

The discordant eardrum. Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 7505876

The discordant eardrum. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Tympanic Membrane

MESH TERMS: physiology

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Grant and Affiliation Information for The discordant eardrum.

AFFILIATION: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Country: United States

AGENCY: United States NIDCD

GRANT: DC05960

ACRONYM: DC

MEDLINETA: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

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