Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides.

Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Research Abstract Details 

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Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Abstract Text:

Jianfei Jiang,Igor Kurnikov,Natalia A Belikova,Jingbo Xiao,Qing Zhao,Andrew A Amoscato,Rebecca Braslau,Armido Studer,Mitchell P Fink,Joel S Greenberger,Peter Wipf,Valerian E Kagan,

Suppression of mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species is a promising strategy against intrinsic apoptosis typical of degenerative diseases. Stable nitroxide radicals such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) and its analogs combine several important features, including recycleability, electron acceptance from respiratory complexes, superoxide dismutase mimicry, and radical scavenging. Although successful in antioxidant protection, their effective concentrations are too high for successful in vivo applications. Recently (J Am Chem Soc 127:12460, 2005), we reported that 4-amino 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, covalently conjugated to a five-residue segment of gramicidin S (GS), was integrated into mitochondria and blocked actinomycin D (ActD)-induced superoxide generation and apoptosis. Using a model of ActD-induced apoptosis in mouse embryonic cells, we screened a library of nitroxides to explore structure-activity relationships between their antioxidant/antiapoptotic properties and chemical composition and three-dimensional (3D) structure. High hydrophobicity and effective mitochondrial integration are necessary but not sufficient for high antiapoptotic/antioxidant activity of a nitroxide conjugate. By designing conformationally preorganized peptidyl nitroxide conjugates and characterizing their 3D structure experimentally (circular dichroism and NMR) and theoretically (molecular dynamics), we established that the presence of the beta-turn/beta-sheet secondary structure is essential for the desired activity. Monte Carlo simulations in model lipid membranes confirmed that the conservation of the d-Phe-Pro reverse turn in hemi-GS analogs ensures the specific positioning of the nitroxide moiety at the mitochondrial membrane interface and maximizes their protective effects. These new insights into the structure-activity relationships of nitroxide-peptide and -peptide isostere conjugates are instrumental for development of new mechanism-based therapeutically effective agents.

Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Publishing Authors By Initials

J Jiang,I Kurnikov,NA Belikova,J Xiao,Q Zhao,AA Amoscato,R Braslau,A Studer,MP Fink,JS Greenberger,P Wipf,VE Kagan,

For similar biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition: biochemical phenomena: structure-activity relationship research abstracts see: biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition: biochemical phenomena: structure-activity relationship research

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Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, U.S. Gov't,

Journal: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental thera

VOLUME: 320

Page Numbers: 1050-60

Journal Abbreviation: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.

ISSN: 0022-3565

DAY: 19

MONTH: 12

YEAR: 2006

Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 376362

Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Structure-Activity Relationship

MESH TERMS: drug effects

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides. Information

Substance Name: Dactinomycin

Registry Number: 50-76-0

Grant and Affiliation Information for Structural requirements for optimized delivery, inhibition of oxidative stress, and antiapoptotic activity of targeted nitroxides.

AFFILIATION: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.

Country: United States

AGENCY: United States NIAID

GRANT: U19-AI068021

ACRONYM: AI

MEDLINETA: J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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