Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage.

Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Research Abstract Details 

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Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Abstract Text:

Arijitt Borthakur,Eric Mellon,Sampreet Niyogi,Walter Witschey,J Bruce Kneeland,Ravinder Reddy,

In this article, both sodium magnetic resonance (MR) and T1rho relaxation mapping aimed at measuring molecular changes in cartilage for the diagnostic imaging of osteoarthritis are reviewed. First, an introduction to structure of cartilage, its degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) and an outline of diagnostic imaging methods in quantifying molecular changes and early diagnostic aspects of cartilage degeneration are described. The sodium MRI section begins with a brief overview of the theory of sodium NMR of biological tissues and is followed by a section on multiple quantum filters that can be used to quantify both bi-exponential relaxation and residual quadrupolar interaction. Specifically, (i) the rationale behind the use of sodium MRI in quantifying proteoglycan (PG) changes, (ii) validation studies using biochemical assays, (iii) studies on human OA specimens, (iv) results on animal models and (v) clinical imaging protocols are reviewed. Results demonstrating the feasibility of quantifying PG in OA patients and comparison with that in healthy subjects are also presented. The section concludes with the discussion of advantages and potential issues with sodium MRI and the impact of new technological advancements (e.g. ultra-high field scanners and parallel imaging methods). In the theory section on T1rho, a brief description of (i) principles of measuring T1rho relaxation, (ii) pulse sequences for computing T1rho relaxation maps, (iii) issues regarding radio frequency power deposition, (iv) mechanisms that contribute to T1rho in biological tissues and (v) effects of exchange and dipolar interaction on T1rho dispersion are discussed. Correlation of T1rho relaxation rate with macromolecular content and biomechanical properties in cartilage specimens subjected to trypsin and cytokine-induced glycosaminoglycan depletion and validation against biochemical assay and histopathology are presented. Experimental T1rho data from osteoarthritic specimens, animal models, healthy human subjects and as well from osteoarthritic patients are provided. The current status of T1rho relaxation mapping of cartilage and future directions is also discussed.

Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Publishing Authors By Initials

A Borthakur,E Mellon,S Niyogi,W Witschey,JB Kneeland,R Reddy,

For similar inorganic chemicals: isotopes: radioisotopes: sodium radioisotopes research abstracts see: inorganic chemicals: isotopes: radioisotopes: sodium radioisotopes research

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Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: NMR in biomedicine

VOLUME: 19

Page Numbers: 781-821

Journal Abbreviation:

ISSN: 0952-3480

DAY: 3

MONTH: Nov

YEAR: 2006

Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 8915233

Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Sodium Radioisotopes

MESH TERMS: analysis

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. Information

Substance Name: Sodium

Registry Number: 7440-23-5

Grant and Affiliation Information for Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage.

AFFILIATION: MMRRCC, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA.

Country: England

AGENCY: United States NIBIB

GRANT: T32-EB000814

ACRONYM: EB

MEDLINETA: NMR Biomed

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