"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms.

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Research Abstract Details 

Research Abstract Table of Contents

Jump to the:

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Abstract Text:

In formal reasoning, the quantifier "some" means "at least one and possibly all." In contrast, reasoners often pragmatically interpret "some" to mean "some, but not all" on both immediate-inference and Euler circle tasks. It is still unclear whether pragmatic interpretations can explain the high rates of errors normally observed on syllogistic reasoning tasks. To address this issue, we presented participants (reasoners) in the present experiments either standard quantifiers or clarified quantifiers designed to precisely articulate the quantifiers' logical interpretations. In Experiment 1, reasoners made significantly more logical responses and significantly fewer pragmatic responses on an immediate-inference task when presented with logically clarified as opposed to standard quantifiers. In Experiment 2, this finding was extended to a variant of the immediate-inference task in which reasoners were asked to deduce what followed from premises they were to assume to be false. In Experiment 3, we used a syllogistic reasoning task and observed that logically clarified premises reduced pragmatic and increased logical responses relative to standard ones, providing strong evidence that pragmatic responses can explain some aspects of the errors made in the syllogistic reasoning task. These findings suggest that standard quantifiers should be replaced with logically clarified quantifiers in teaching and in future research.

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Publishing Authors By Initials

For similar abstracts research abstracts see: abstracts research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov

Journal: Memory & cognition

VOLUME: 36

Page Numbers: 217-29

Journal Abbreviation:

ISSN: 0090-502X

DAY: 7

MONTH: Jan

YEAR: 2008

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 357443

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS:

MESH TERMS:

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: "At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms. Information

Substance Name:

Registry Number:

Grant and Affiliation Information for "At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms.

AFFILIATION: Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. j4schmid@watarts.uwaterloo.ca

Country: United States

AGENCY:

GRANT:

ACRONYM:

MEDLINETA: Mem Cognit

REFSOURCE:

DATABASENAME:

ACCESSION NUMBER:

Number Hits: 0

"At least one" problem with "some" formal reasoning paradigms Related Publications

• A preliminary study of growth, serum prolactin and reproductive performance of beef heifers grazing Acremonium coenophialum -infected tall fescue.
• An assessment of reproductive wastage in sheep.
• Analysis method for measuring submicroscopic distances with blinking quantum dots.
• Calibration and Application of an X-ray Image Intensifier/ Charge-Coupled Device Detector for Monochromatic Macromolecular Crystallography.
• Cardiovascular dysfunction in dogs associated with critical illnesses.
• Changes in health for the uninsured after reaching age-eligibility for Medicare.
• Decremental effects of context exposure following delay eyeblink conditioning in rabbits.
• Developmental ability of in vitro matured sheep oocytes collected during the nonbreeding season and fertilized in vitro with frozen ram semen.
• Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development.
• Effect of calf removal on serum luteinizing hormone and cortisol concentrations in postpartum beef cows.
• Effect of fluid irrigation on core body temperature during laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.
• Effect of suckling on cortisol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone in postpartum beef cows.
• Effects of progesterone or estradiol on uterine tubal transport of ova in the cow.
• Flare Associated with LHRH-Agonist Therapy.
• Identification and characterization of RTVP1/GLIPR1-like genes, a novel p53 target gene cluster.
• Improving estimates of genetic maps: a maximum likelihood approach.
• Influence of mineral supplementation on bovine serum, liver and endometrium at Day 1 and Day 12 of the estrous cycle.
• Multipoint linkage analysis with many multiallelic or dense diallelic markers: Markov chain-Monte Carlo provides practical approaches for genome scans on general pedigrees.
• Muscle glycogen repletion in 3 breeds of young cattle is not affected by energy intake.
• Nautiloid growth rhythms and lunar dynamics (reply).
• Predictors of prolonged dysphagia following acute stroke.
• Preventing injuries in rural Canada.
• Prostate cancer detection strategies.
• Semantic distance norms computed from an electronic dictionary (WordNet).
• Spermatogenesis, testicular composition and the concentration of testosterone in the equine testis as influenced by season.
• Synthesis, characterization, and pH-triggered dethreading of alpha-cyclodextrin-poly(ethylene glycol) polyrotaxanes bearing cleavable endcaps.
• TICKS (IXODOIDEA) OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY INTEREST FROM BIRDS IN THE BRITISH ISLES.
• The future of antidepressant pharmacotherapy.
• Zinc depletion and complications of surgery.
• rag genes: novel components of the RamR regulon that trigger morphological differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor.