Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs).

Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs). Research Abstract Details 

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Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs). Abstract Text:

Atsushi Goto,Hirokazu Zushi,Norihiro Hirai,Tsutomu Wakada,Yoshinobu Tsujii,Takeshi Fukuda,

A novel class of living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts were developed. The polymerizations are based on a new reversible activation mechanism, Reversible chain Transfer (RT) catalysis. Low-polydispersity (M(w)/M(n) approximately 1.1-1.3) polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(glycidyl methacrylate), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with predicted molecular weight were obtained with fairly high conversion in a fairly short time. The pseudo-first-order activation rate constant kact for the styrene/GeI4 (catalyst) system was large enough, even with a small amount of GeI4, explaining why the system provides low-polydispersity polymers from an early stage of polymerization. The retardation in the polymerization rate observed for the styrene/GeI4 system was kinetically proven to be mainly due to the cross-termination between the propagating radical with GeI3*. Attractive features of the germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts include their high reactivity hence small amounts (1-10 mM) being required under relatively mild conditions (at 60-100 degrees C), high solubility in organic media without ligands, insensitivity to air hence sample preparation being allowed in the air, and minor color and smell. The germanium and phosphorus catalysts may also be attractive for their low toxicity. The phosphorus catalysts may also be attractive for their low cost.

Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs). Publishing Authors By Initials

A Goto,H Zushi,N Hirai,T Wakada,Y Tsujii,T Fukuda,

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Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs). Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal Article

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

VOLUME: 129

Page Numbers: 13347-54

Journal Abbreviation: J. Am. Chem. Soc.

ISSN: 0002-7863

DAY: 4

MONTH: 10

YEAR: 2007

Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs). Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 7503056

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Grant and Affiliation Information for Living radical polymerizations with germanium, tin, and phosphorus catalysts--reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerizations (RTCPs).

AFFILIATION: Contribution from Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.

Country: United States

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MEDLINETA: J Am Chem Soc

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