Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro.

Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Research Abstract Details 

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Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Abstract Text:

P E Schwarze,J ,R B Hetland,R Becher,F R Cassee,M ,M ,E Dybing,M Refsnes,

A primary goal of current research on particle-induced health effects is to reveal the critical characteristics that determine their biological effects. Experimental studies have shown that smaller particles induce stronger biological effects than larger particles of similar composition, due to their larger surface area to mass ratio. However, correlation for variations in surface area could not account for variation in biological reactivity among particles of differential composition. Hence, the importance of size and surface area does not override the importance of particle composition. Moreover, different particle characteristics appear to be involved in different biological effects in vitro. Our studies show that mineral particle-induced apoptosis mostly seems to depend on particle size, whereas composition and surface reactivity appeared to be most important for the proinflammatory potential of the particles. The ability of the particles to generate reactive oxygen species in vitro was not correlated with either inflammatory markers or apoptosis, suggesting that other mechanisms are at play. A single, specific component of the mineral particles, explaining the differences in response, has not been identified. In European-wide studies such as the Respiratory Allergy and Inflammation due to Air Pollution (RAIAP) study, particles have been sampled in different locations to study season- and site-dependent variations in responses particles, such as markers of inflammatory and allergic reactions in cells and animals. The data indicate that coarse particles can induce at least as strong inflammatory responses as fine particles. The allergic responses tended to be more associated with the organic fraction (PAH) of particles, whereas the inflammatory reactions seemed to be more associated with metals and endotoxin. Overall, coarse PM was found to have an inflammatory potential similar to fine PM on an equal mass basis. Even though one has to take into account different concentrations in ambient air as well as differences in respiratory system deposition of the size fractions, the potential of coarse particles to induce pulmonary effects should not be neglected.

Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Publishing Authors By Initials

PE Schwarze,J ,RB Hetland,R Becher,FR Cassee,M ,M ,E Dybing,M Refsnes,

For similar complex mixtures: particulate matter research abstracts see: complex mixtures: particulate matter research

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Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: Inhalation toxicology

VOLUME: 19 Suppl 1

Page Numbers: 17-22

Journal Abbreviation:

ISSN: 1091-7691

DAY: 19

MONTH: 11

YEAR: 2007

Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Information

Number of References: 33

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 8910739

Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Particulate Matter

MESH TERMS: toxicity

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro. Information

Substance Name: Particulate Matter

Registry Number: 0

Grant and Affiliation Information for Importance of size and composition of particles for effects on cells in vitro.

AFFILIATION: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. per.schwarze@fhi.no

Country: United States

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MEDLINETA: Inhal Toxicol

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