Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment.

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Research Abstract Details 

Research Abstract Table of Contents

Jump to the:

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Abstract Text:

Models widely used to assess atmospheric chemical-dispersion hazards for emergency response rely on acute exposure guideline level (AEGL) or similar concentration guidelines to map geographic areas potentially affected by corresponding levels of toxic severity. By ignoring substantial, random variability in concentration over time and space, such standard methods routinely underestimate the size of potentially affected areas. Underestimation due to temporal fluctuation - applicable to chemicals like hydrogen cyanide (HCN) for which peak concentrations best predict acute toxicity - becomes magnified by spatial fluctuation, defined as heterogeneity in average concentration at each location relative to standard-method predictions. The combined impact of spatiotemporal fluctuation on size of assessed threat areas was studied using a statistical-simulation assessment method calibrated to Joint Urban 2003 Oklahoma City field-tracer data. For a hypothetical 60-min urban release scenario involving HCN gas, the stochastic method predicted that lethal/severe effects could occur in an area 18 or 25 times larger than was predicted by standard methods targeted to a 60-min AEGL, assuming wind speeds >/=2.0 or

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Publishing Authors By Initials

For similar abstracts research abstracts see: abstracts research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal Article

Journal: Journal of hazardous materials

VOLUME: 152

Page Numbers: 228-40

Journal Abbreviation: J. Hazard. Mater.

ISSN: 0304-3894

DAY: 5

MONTH: 07

YEAR: 2007

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 9422688

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS:

MESH TERMS:

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment. Information

Substance Name:

Registry Number:

Grant and Affiliation Information for Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment.

AFFILIATION: Energy & Environment Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.

Country: Netherlands

AGENCY:

GRANT:

ACRONYM:

MEDLINETA: J Hazard Mater

REFSOURCE:

DATABASENAME:

ACCESSION NUMBER:

Number Hits: 0

Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment Related Publications

• Hypnic headache and travel across time zones: a case report.
• Immunocytochemical study of gastrintestinal endocrine cells in insectivorous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera).
• Impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in airborne chemical concentration on toxic hazard assessment.
• Nevirapine concentrations in newborns receiving an extended prophylactic regimen.
• Nutritive value of three organisms from mangrove ecosystem: Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), Mytella sp. (Soot-Ryen, 1955) and Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828).
• Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian hairdressers.
• Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the urban population of Brazil.
• Removal of a metallic dental prosthesis from the duodenum using simultaneously a standard and an ultra-thin endoscope.
• Vulnerability to heat-related mortality in Latin America: a case-crossover study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Santiago, Chile and Mexico City, Mexico.
• [Myringosclerosis in patients with chronic renal failure: comparative analysis with a control group.]