Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2.

Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2. Research Abstract Details 

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Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2. Abstract Text:

Ann R Holmes,Sarah Tsao,Soo-Wee Ong,Erwin Lamping,Kyoko Niimi,Brian C Monk,Masakazu Niimi,Aki Kaneko,Barbara R Holland,Jan Schmid,Richard D Cannon,

Elevated expression of the plasma membrane drug efflux pump proteins Cdr1p and Cdr2p was shown to accompany decreased azole susceptibility in Candida albicans clinical isolates. DNA sequence analysis revealed extensive allelic heterozygosity, particularly of CDR2. Cdr2p alleles showed different abilities to transport azoles when individually expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Loss of heterozygosity, however, did not accompany decreased azole sensitivity in isogenic clinical isolates. Two adjacent non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (NS-SNPs), G1473A and I1474V in the putative transmembrane (TM) helix 12 of CDR2, were found to be present in six strains including two isogenic pairs. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the TM-12 NS-SNPs, and principally the G1473A NS-SNP, contributed to functional differences between the proteins encoded by the two Cdr2p alleles in a single strain. Allele-specific PCR revealed that both alleles were equally frequent among 69 clinical isolates and that the majority of isolates (81%) were heterozygous at the G1473A/I1474V locus, a significant (P < 0.001) deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (Paml) identified 33 codons in CDR2 in which amino acid allelic changes showed a high probability of being selectively advantageous. In contrast, all codons in CDR1 were under purifying selection. Collectively, these results indicate that possession of two functionally different CDR2 alleles in individual strains may confer a selective advantage, but that this is not necessarily due to azole resistance.

Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2. Publishing Authors By Initials

AR Holmes,S Tsao,SW Ong,E Lamping,K Niimi,BC Monk,M Niimi,A Kaneko,BR Holland,J Schmid,RD Cannon,

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Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov

Journal: Molecular microbiology

VOLUME: 62

Page Numbers: 170-86

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ISSN: 0950-382X

DAY: 30

MONTH: 08

YEAR: 2006

Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2. Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

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Grant and Affiliation Information for Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2.

AFFILIATION: Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Country: England

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MEDLINETA: Mol Microbiol

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