DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense.

DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Research Abstract Details 

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DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Abstract Text:

The deamination of cytosines in DNA to uracil, thought to be initiated by free water within the cells, is a well studied pathway by which C to T mutations occur. Until recently, this conversion was frequently referred to as being spontaneous because of the involvement of cellular water. The recent discovery of a family of enzymes in mammalian cells that catalyze this reaction was unexpected and has created excitement in at least two areas of biology, immunology and virology. One of these enzymes, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), is required for the final steps in the maturation of antibodies. The key features of this process include the introduction of a wide variety of base substitutions in the immunoglobulin genes and the creation of region-specific double-strand breaks. Another member of this family, Apobec3G, is involved in the mutational inactivation and degradation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Among the many intriguing features of these processes is the likely involvement of the enzyme that is thought to "protect" cellular DNA against the accumulation of uracils, uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG). It appears that in certain situations, the newly discovered DNA-cytosine deaminases can team up with UDG to extensively mutate and degrade DNA. This article discusses the many questions raised regarding the role of these enzymes in protecting cells against infections, and about their possible roles in genome evolution and carcinogenesis.

DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Publishing Authors By Initials

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DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: DNA repair

VOLUME: 3

Page Numbers: 85-9

Journal Abbreviation: DNA Repair (Amst.)

ISSN: 1568-7864

DAY: 5

MONTH: Jan

YEAR: 2004

DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Information

Number of References: 29

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 101139138

DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Viruses

MESH TERMS: pathogenicity

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense. Information

Substance Name: Cytidine Deaminase

Registry Number: EC 3.5.4.5

Grant and Affiliation Information for DNA-cytosine deaminases: from antibody maturation to antiviral defense.

AFFILIATION: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 443 Chemistry Building, Detroit, MI 48202-3489, USA. axb@chem.wayne.edu

Country: Netherlands

AGENCY: United States NIGMS

GRANT: R01 GM057200-05A3

ACRONYM: GM

MEDLINETA: DNA Repair (Amst)

REFSOURCE: DNA Repair (Amst). 2004 Jul 2;3(7):687-9

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