Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies.

Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Research Abstract Details 

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Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Abstract Text:

Paurene Duramad,Ira B Tager,Nina T Holland,

Environmental exposures (e.g. pesticides, air pollution, and environmental tobacco smoke) during prenatal and early postnatal development have been linked to a growing number of childhood diseases including allergic disorders and leukemia. Because the immune response plays a critical role in each of these diseases, it is important to study the effects of toxicants on the developing immune system. Children's unique susceptibility to environmental toxicants has become an important focus of the field of immunotoxicology and the use of immune biomarkers in molecular epidemiology of children's environmental health is a rapidly expanding field of research. In this review, we discuss how markers of immune status and immunotoxicity are being applied to pediatric studies, with a specific focus on the various methods used to analyze T-helper-1/2 (Th1/Th2) cytokine profiles. Furthermore, we review recent data on the effects of children's environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds, metals, and pesticides on Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and the associations of Th1/Th2 profiles with adverse health outcomes such as pediatric respiratory diseases, allergies, cancer and diabetes. Although cytokine profiles are increasingly used in children's studies, there is still a need to acquire distribution data for different ages and ethnic groups of healthy children. These data will contribute to the validation and standardization of cytokine biomarkers for future studies. Application of immunological markers in epidemiological studies will improve the understanding of mechanisms that underlie associations between environmental exposures and immune-mediated disorders.

Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Publishing Authors By Initials

P Duramad,IB Tager,NT Holland,

For similar biological sciences: pharmacology: toxicology research abstracts see: biological sciences: pharmacology: toxicology research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: Toxicology letters

VOLUME: 172

Page Numbers: 48-59

Journal Abbreviation: Toxicol. Lett.

ISSN: 0378-4274

DAY: 25

MONTH: 05

YEAR: 2007

Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 7709027

Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Toxicology

MESH TERMS: standards

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies. Information

Substance Name: Environmental Pollutants

Registry Number: 0

Grant and Affiliation Information for Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children's environmental health studies.

AFFILIATION: Children's Environmental Health Center, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.

Country: Netherlands

AGENCY: United States NIEHS

GRANT: R01ES09137

ACRONYM: ES

MEDLINETA: Toxicol Lett

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