Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4.

Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Research Abstract Details 

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Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Abstract Text:

Buhyun Youn,Roy Camacho,Syed G A Moinuddin,Choonseok Lee,Laurence B Davin,Norman G Lewis,Chulhee Kang,

The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) multigene family in planta encodes proteins catalyzing the reductions of various phenylpropenyl aldehyde derivatives in a substrate versatile manner, and whose metabolic products are the precursors of structural lignins, health-related lignans, and various other metabolites. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the two isoforms, AtCAD5 and AtCAD4, are the catalytically most active being viewed as mainly involved in the formation of guaiacyl/syringyl lignins. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of AtCAD5 in the apo-form and as a binary complex with NADP+, respectively, and modeled that of AtCAD4. Both AtCAD5 and AtCAD4 are dimers with two zinc ions per subunit and belong to the Zn-dependent medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily, on the basis of their overall 2-domain structures and distribution of secondary structural elements. The catalytic Zn2+ ions in both enzymes are tetrahedrally coordinated, but differ from those in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase since the carboxyl side-chain of Glu70 is ligated to Zn2+ instead of water. Using AtCAD5, site-directed mutagenesis of Glu70 to alanine resulted in loss of catalytic activity, thereby indicating that perturbation of the Zn2+ coordination was sufficient to abolish catalytic activity. The substrate-binding pockets of both AtCAD5 and AtCAD4 were also examined, and found to be significantly different and smaller compared to that of a putative aspen sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD) and a putative yeast CAD. While the physiological roles of the aspen SAD and the yeast CAD are uncertain, they nevertheless have a high similarity in the overall 3D structures to AtCAD5 and 4. With the bona fide CAD's from various species, nine out of the twelve residues which constitute the proposed substrate-binding pocket were, however, conserved. This is provisionally considered as indicative of a characteristic fingerprint for the CAD family.

Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Publishing Authors By Initials

B Youn,R Camacho,SG Moinuddin,C Lee,LB Davin,NG Lewis,C Kang,

For similar inorganic chemicals: elements: metals, heavy: zinc research abstracts see: inorganic chemicals: elements: metals, heavy: zinc research

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Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, U.S. Gov't,

Journal: Organic & biomolecular chemistry

VOLUME: 4

Page Numbers: 1687-97

Journal Abbreviation: Org. Biomol. Chem.

ISSN: 1477-0520

DAY: 4

MONTH: 04

YEAR: 2006

Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 101154995

Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Zinc

MESH TERMS: chemistry

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4. Information

Substance Name: cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

Registry Number: EC 1.1.1.195

Grant and Affiliation Information for Crystal structures and catalytic mechanism of the Arabidopsis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases AtCAD5 and AtCAD4.

AFFILIATION: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-4660, USA.

Country: England

AGENCY: United States NIGMS

GRANT: GM66173

ACRONYM: GM

MEDLINETA: Org Biomol Chem

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