Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective.

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Research Abstract Details 

Research Abstract Table of Contents

Jump to the:

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Abstract Text:

K Michael Cummings,Anthony Brown,Clifford E Douglas,

OBJECTIVE: To describe arguments used by cigarette companies to defend themselves against charges that their cigarettes were defective and that they could and should have done more to make cigarettes less hazardous. METHODS: The data for this paper come from the opening statements made by defendants in four court cases: two class action lawsuits (Engle 1999, and Blankenship 2001) and two individual cases (Boeken 2001, and Schwarz 2002). The transcripts of opening statements were reviewed and statements about product defect claims, product testing, and safe cigarette research were excerpted and coded. RESULTS: Responses by cigarette companies to charges that their products were defective has been presented consistently across different cases and by different companies. Essentially the arguments made by cigarette companies boil down to three claims: (1) smoking is risky, but nothing the companies have done has made cigarettes more dangerous than might otherwise be the case; (2) nothing the companies have done or said has kept someone from stopping smoking; and (3) the companies have spent lots of money to make the safest cigarette acceptable to the smoker. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette companies have argued that their products are inherently dangerous but not defective, and that they have worked hard to make their products safer by lowering the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes as recommended by members of the public health community. As a counter argument, plaintiff attorneys should focus on how cigarette design changes have actually made smoking more acceptable to smokers, thereby discouraging smoking cessation.

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Publishing Authors By Initials

KM Cummings,A Brown,CE Douglas,

For similar geographic locations: americas: north america: united states research abstracts see: geographic locations: americas: north america: united states research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: Tobacco control

VOLUME: 15 Suppl 4

Page Numbers: iv84-9

Journal Abbreviation:

ISSN: 1468-3318

DAY: 3

MONTH: Dec

YEAR: 2006

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Information

Number of References: 43

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 9209612

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: United States

MESH TERMS: standards

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective. Information

Substance Name:

Registry Number:

Grant and Affiliation Information for Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective.

AFFILIATION: Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. michael.cummings@roswellpark.org

Country: England

AGENCY: United States NCI

GRANT: CA087486

ACRONYM: CA

MEDLINETA: Tob Control

REFSOURCE:

DATABASENAME:

ACCESSION NUMBER:

Number Hits: 0

Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective Related Publications

• Adenoviral vectors for gene therapy.
• Alcohol dependence is independently associated with sepsis, septic shock, and hospital mortality among adult intensive care unit patients.
• Blastocyst-derived trophoblast stem cells from the rhesus monkey.
• Cell death, remodeling, and repair in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
• Consumer acceptable risk: how cigarette companies have responded to accusations that their products are defective.
• Control of ovulation in cycling mares with ovarian steroids and prostaglandin.
• Controlled ligand display on a symmetrical protein-cage architecture through mixed assembly.
• Converging epistemologies: critical issues in Canadian Inuit childbirth and pregnancy.
• Cross-linkage of hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite using imide-based zero-length cross-linker.
• Culture-negative Bartonella endocarditis in a patient with renal failure: the value of molecular methods in diagnosis.
• Frequency of insomnia report in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
• Functional status in patients with narcolepsy.
• Fuzzy clustering of CT images for the measurement of hydrocephalus associated with tuberculous meningitis.
• High-density targeting of a viral multifunctional nanoplatform to a pathogenic, biofilm-forming bacterium.
• Left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes: morphologic features and clinical correlates.
• Lipid A fraction of LPS induces a discrete MAPK activation in acute lung injury.
• MUC1 is involved in trophoblast transendothelial migration.
• Measurement of plasma-derived substance P: biological, methodological, and statistical considerations.
• Metabolic flux analysis for optimizing the specific growth rate of recombinant Aspergillus niger.
• Plasma oxytocin concentrations in cyclic mares and sexually aroused stallions.
• Predictors of hepatitis B vaccination in women prisoners in two prisons in England.
• Preliminary findings of an intervention integrating modified directly observed therapy and risk reduction counseling.
• Relationship between the ability of oral streptococci to interact with platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha and with the salivary low-molecular-weight mucin, MG2.
• Sequence variation in alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and risk of early-onset and familial prostate cancer.
• Synthetic control over magnetic moment and exchange bias in all-oxide materials encapsulated within a spherical protein cage.
• Target-assembled ExciProbes: Application to DNA Detection at the Level of PCR Product and Plasmid DNA.
• Targeting of cancer cells with ferrimagnetic ferritin cage nanoparticles.
• The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.
• The outcome of twin pregnancies in mares.
• The use of radioreceptor assay for the detection of pregnancy in the mare.