Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades.

Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades. Research Abstract Details 

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Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades. Abstract Text:

Volker H W Rudolf,

Cannibalistic and asymmetrical behavioral interactions between stages are common within stage-structured predator populations. Such direct interactions between predator stages can result in density- and trait-mediated indirect interactions between a predator and its prey. A set of structured predator-prey models is used to explore how such indirect interactions affect the dynamics and structure of communities. Analyses of the separate and combined effects of stage-structured cannibalism and behavior-mediated avoidance of cannibals under different ecological scenarios show that both cannibalism and behavioral avoidance of cannibalism can result in short- and long-term positive indirect connections between predator stages and the prey, including "apparent mutualism." These positive interactions alter the strength of trophic cascades such that the system's dynamics are determined by the interaction between bottom-up and top-down effects. Contrary to the expectation of simpler models, enrichment increases both predator and prey abundance in systems with cannibalism or behavioral avoidance of cannibalism. The effect of behavioral avoidance of cannibalism, however, depends on how strongly it affects the maturation rate of the predator. Behavioral interactions between predator stages reduce the short-term positive effect of cannibalism on the prey density, but can enhance its positive long-term effects. Both interaction types reduce the destabilizing effect of enrichment. These results suggest that inconsistencies between data and simple models can be resolved by accounting for stage-structured interactions within and among species.

Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades. Publishing Authors By Initials

VH Rudolf,

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Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, U.S. Gov't,

Journal: Ecology

VOLUME: 88

Page Numbers: 2991-3003

Journal Abbreviation: Ecology

ISSN: 0012-9658

DAY: 30

MONTH: Dec

YEAR: 2007

Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades. Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

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Grant and Affiliation Information for Consequences of stage-structured predators: cannibalism, behavioral effects, and trophic cascades.

AFFILIATION: Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. volker.rudolf@rice.edu

Country: United States

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MEDLINETA: Ecology

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