Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells.

Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Research Abstract Details 

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Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Abstract Text:

Qiong Gan,Tadashi Yoshida,Oliver G McDonald,Gary K Owens,

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, have been shown to play a key role in the regulation of gene transcription. Results of recent studies indicate that a novel "bivalent" chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), wherein a number of untranscribed lineage-control genes, such as Sox1, Nkx2-2, Msx1, Irx3, and Pax3, are epigenetically modified with a unique combination of activating and repressive histone modifications that prime them for potential activation (or repression) upon cell lineage induction and differentiation. However, results of these studies also showed that a subset of lineage-control genes, such as Myf5 and Mash1, were not marked by these histone modifications, suggesting that distinct epigenetic mechanisms might exist for lineage-control genes in ESCs. In this review article, we summarize evidence regarding possible mechanisms that control these unique histone modifications at lineage-control gene loci in ESCs and consider their possible contribution to ESC pluripotency. In addition, we propose a novel "histone modification pulsing" model wherein individual pluripotent stem cells within the inner cell mass of blastocysts undergo transient asynchronous histone modifications at these developmental gene loci, thereby conferring differential responsiveness to environmental cues and morphogenic gradients important for cell lineage determination. Finally, we consider how these rapid histone modification exchanges become progressively more stable as ESCs undergo differentiation and maturation into specialized cell lineages.

Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Publishing Authors By Initials

Q Gan,T Yoshida,OG McDonald,GK Owens,

For similar genetic processes: gene expression: transcription, genetic research abstracts see: genetic processes: gene expression: transcription, genetic research

PUBMED ID PMID:

MEDLINE DATE:

Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Review

Journal: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)

VOLUME: 25

Page Numbers: 2-9

Journal Abbreviation: Stem Cells

ISSN: 1066-5099

DAY: 5

MONTH: 10

YEAR: 2006

Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Information

Number of References: 68

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 9304532

Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Transcription, Genetic

MESH TERMS: physiology

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells. Information

Substance Name: Histones

Registry Number: 0

Grant and Affiliation Information for Concise review: epigenetic mechanisms contribute to pluripotency and cell lineage determination of embryonic stem cells.

AFFILIATION: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.

Country: United States

AGENCY: United States NHLBI

GRANT: R21HL071976

ACRONYM: HL

MEDLINETA: Stem Cells

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