Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors.

Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. Research Abstract Details 

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Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. Abstract Text:

Norio Matsushima,Takanori Tanaka,Purevjav Enkhbayar,Tomoko Mikami,Masae Taga,Keiko Yamada,Yoshio Kuroki,Norio Matsushima,Takanori Tanaka,Purevjav Enkhbayar,Tomoko Mikami,Masae Taga,Keiko Yamada,Yoshio Kuroki,

BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in innate immunity. TLRs are membrane glycoproteins and contain leucine rich repeat (LRR) motif in the ectodomain. TLRs recognize and respond to molecules such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and RNA from bacteria or viruses. The LRR domains in TLRs have been inferred to be responsible for molecular recognition. All LRRs include the highly conserved segment, LxxLxLxxNxL, in which "L" is Leu, Ile, Val, or Phe and "N" is Asn, Thr, Ser, or Cys and "x" is any amino acid. There are seven classes of LRRs including "typical" ("T") and "bacterial" ("S"). All known domain structures adopt an arc or horseshoe shape. Vertebrate TLRs form six major families. The repeat numbers of LRRs and their "phasing" in TLRs differ with isoforms and species; they are aligned differently in various databases. We identified and aligned LRRs in TLRs by a new method described here. RESULTS: The new method utilizes known LRR structures to recognize and align new LRR motifs in TLRs and incorporates multiple sequence alignments and secondary structure predictions. TLRs from thirty-four vertebrate were analyzed. The repeat numbers of the LRRs ranges from 16 to 28. The LRRs found in TLRs frequently consists of LxxLxLxxNxLxxLxxxxF/LxxLxx ("T") and sometimes short motifs including LxxLxLxxNxLxxLPx(x)LPxx ("S"). The TLR7 family (TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) contain 27 LRRs. The LRRs at the N-terminal part have a super-motif of STT with about 80 residues. The super-repeat is represented by STTSTTSTT or _TTSTTSTT. The LRRs in TLRs form one or two horseshoe domains and are mostly flanked by two cysteine clusters including two or four cysteine residue. CONCLUSION: Each of the six major TLR families is characterized by their constituent LRR motifs, their repeat numbers, and their patterns of cysteine clusters. The central parts of the TLR1 and TLR7 families and of TLR4 have more irregular or longer LRR motifs. These central parts are inferred to play a key role in the structure and/or function of their TLRs. Furthermore, the super-repeat in the TLR7 family suggests strongly that "bacterial" and "typical" LRRs evolved from a common precursor.

Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. Publishing Authors By Initials

N Matsushima,T Tanaka,P Enkhbayar,T Mikami,M Taga,K Yamada,Y Kuroki,N Matsushima,T Tanaka,P Enkhbayar,T Mikami,M Taga,K Yamada,Y Kuroki,

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Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov

Journal: BMC genomics

VOLUME: 8

Page Numbers: 124

Journal Abbreviation: BMC Genomics

ISSN: 1471-2164

DAY: 21

MONTH: 05

YEAR: 2007

Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. Information

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LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 100965258

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Grant and Affiliation Information for Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors.

AFFILIATION: School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan. matusima@sapmed.ac.jp

Country: England

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MEDLINETA: BMC Genomics

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