Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro.

Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Research Abstract Details 

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Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Abstract Text:

Edward Acheampong,Zahida Parveen,Aschalew Mengistu,Noel Ngoubilly,Brian Wigdahl,Albert S Lossinsky,Roger J Pomerantz,Muhammad Mukhtar,

The majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals are either alcoholics or prone to alcoholism. Upon ingestion, alcohol is easily distributed into the various compartments of the body, particularly the brain, by crossing through the blood-brain barrier. Both HIV-1 and alcohol induce oxidative stress, which is considered a precursor for cytotoxic responses. Several reports have suggested that statins exert antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory pleiotropic effects, besides their inherent cholesterol-depleting potentials. In our studies, postmitotically differentiated neurons were cocultured with HIV-1-infected monocytes, T cells, or their cellular supernatants in the presence of physiological concentrations of alcohol for 72 h. Parallel cultures were pretreated with statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin) with the appropriate controls, i.e., postmitotically differentiated neurons cocultured with uninfected cells and similar cultures treated with alcohol. The oxidative stress responses in the presence/absence of alcohol in these cultures were determined by the production of the well-characterized oxidative stress markers, 8-isoprostane-F2-alpha, total nitrates as an indicator for various isoforms of nitric oxide synthase activity, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). An in vitro culture of postmitotically differentiated neurons with HIV-1-infected monocytes or T cells as well as supernatants from these cells enhanced the release of 8-isoprostane-F2-alpha in the conditioned medium six- to sevenfold (monocytes) and four- to fivefold (T cells). It was also observed that coculturing of HIV-1-infected primary monocytes over a time period of 72 h significantly elevated the release of Hsp70 compared with that of uninfected controls. Cellular supernatants of HIV-1-infected monocytes or T cells slightly increased Hsp70 levels compared to neurons cultured with uninfected monocytes or T-cell supernatants (controls). Ethanol (EtOH) presence further elevated Hsp70 in both infected and uninfected cultures. The amount of total nitrates was significantly elevated in the coculture system when both infected cells and EtOH were present. Surprisingly, pretreatment of postmitotic neurons with clinically available inhibitors of HMG-coenzyme A reductase (statins) inhibited HIV-1-induced release of stress/toxicity-associated parameters, i.e., Hsp70, isoprostanes, and total nitrates from HIV-1-infected cells. The results of this study provide new insights into HIV-1 neuropathogenesis aimed at the development of future HIV-1 therapeutics to eradicate viral reservoirs from the brain.

Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Publishing Authors By Initials

E Acheampong,Z Parveen,A Mengistu,N Ngoubilly,B Wigdahl,AS Lossinsky,RJ Pomerantz,M Mukhtar,

For similar biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition: metabolism: oxidative stress research abstracts see: biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition: metabolism: oxidative stress research

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Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Research Support, N.I.H., Extr

Journal: Journal of virology

VOLUME: 81

Page Numbers: 1492-501

Journal Abbreviation: J. Virol.

ISSN: 0022-538X

DAY: 15

MONTH: 11

YEAR: 2006

Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Information

Number of References:

LANGUAGE: eng

NlmUniqueID: 113724

Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Keywords Mesh Terms:

KEYWORDS: Oxidative Stress

MESH TERMS: drug effects

Chemical & Substance for Abstract: Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Information

Substance Name: Ethanol

Registry Number: 64-17-5

Grant and Affiliation Information for Cholesterol-depleting statin drugs protect postmitotically differentiated human neurons against ethanol- and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced oxidative stress in vitro.

AFFILIATION: Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Suite 329, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.

Country: United States

AGENCY: United States NIMH

GRANT: MH074375-01A1

ACRONYM: MH

MEDLINETA: J Virol

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