Amino acid modifications on tRNA.

Amino acid modifications on tRNA. Research Abstract Details 

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Amino acid modifications on tRNA. Abstract Text:

The accurate formation of cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) is essential for the fidelity of translation. Most amino acids are esterified onto their cognate tRNA isoacceptors directly by aa-tRNA synthetases. However, in the case of four amino acids (Gln, Asn, Cys and Sec), aminoacyl-tRNAs are made through indirect pathways in many organisms across all three domains of life. The process begins with the charging of noncognate amino acids to tRNAs by a specialized synthetase in the case of Cys-tRNA(Cys) formation or by synthetases with relaxed specificity, such as the non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNA, non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA and seryl-tRNA synthetases. The resulting misacylated tRNAs are then converted to cognate pairs through transformation of the amino acids on the tRNA, which is catalyzed by a group of tRNA-dependent modifying enzymes, such as tRNA-dependent amidotransferases, Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase and Sep-tRNA:Sec-tRNA synthase. The majority of these indirect pathways are widely spread in all domains of life and thought to be part of the evolutionary process.

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Amino acid modifications on tRNA. Journal Published:

PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal Article

Journal: Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica

VOLUME: 40

Page Numbers: 539-53

Journal Abbreviation: Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (S

ISSN: 1745-7270

DAY: 7

MONTH: Jul

YEAR: 2008

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LANGUAGE: eng

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Grant and Affiliation Information for Amino acid modifications on tRNA.

AFFILIATION: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and 2Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA. dieter.soll@yale.edu.

Country: China

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MEDLINETA: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shan

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