vitro Protocols

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Isolation Protocols

Protocol describes typical methods that are used to propagate and purify AAV vectors for experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Includes: Principles of the Triple Plasmid Transfection System; Plasmids; Transfection and Extraction of Virus; Purification of the AAV vector. - [Read A Protocol for AAV Vector Production and Purification]

Category: Cloning Protocols: Vector Protocols

Protocol is used to propagate and purify AAV vectors for experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Includes: Principles of the Triple Plasmid Transfection System; Plasmids; Transfection and Extraction of Virus; Purification of the AAV vector. - [Read AAV Vector Production and Purification Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cytotoxicity Assays in Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol descibes the use of L929 mouse fibroblast cells cultured in vitro in an agarose overlay assay to assess the toxicity of test substances.  The assay may be useful in assessing the irritation potential of test substances (e.g. surfactant-based products) as an alternative to the Draize rabbit eye test. - [Read Agarose Overlay Assay Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture

Protocol applies EFs to cells in vitro but has been modified and to use electrotactic chambers to accommodate cells growing in planar culture or in three-dimensional (3D) gels, en bloc tissue cultures in 3D and possible small embryos, such as that from frog and zebra fish. The EF is applied to the cells or tissues cultured in a customer designed electrotactic chamber via agar salt bridges, Steinberg’s solution and Ag/AgCl electrodes. - [Read Application of Direct Current Electric Fields to Cells and Tissues in vitro]

Category: Signalling Signal Transduction Protocols: Protein Kinase Protocols

Immunoprecipitation assay for Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI 3 Kinase) Activity (in vitro) Protocol. Upstate. - [Read Assay for Immunoprecipitated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI 3 Kinase) Activity (in vitro)]

Category: Reporter Gene Assays: B-Galactosidase Assay Protocols

There are two basic methods for the in vitro assay of B-galactosidase activity from yeast. They differ mainly in the method of preparing the material for assay. Both methods are described with accompanying protocols. Method I: Assay of Crude Extracts includes: Yeast Cell Growth; Yeast Cell Harvest; B-gal assays; Bradford Assays. Method II: Permeabilized cell assay. - [Read Assay of β-Galactosidase in Yeast Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

This protocol describes an in vitro transcription assay that allows for a single round of transcription from in vitro assembled chromatin. Comparing the activity of a receptor or transcriptional coactivator in an assay that measures only a single round of transcription with the results from multiple rounds of transcription can help elucidate the mechanism of transcriptional activation by those factors. - [Read Assay:Single Round of In Vitro Transcription from Assembled Chromatin Templates Using a HeLa Cell Ex]

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

Describes the antigenic stimulation of in vitro antibody production by B cells and the subsequent measurement of secreted antibodies. The first protocol is a generalized system for inducing in vitro antibody production and can accommodate various types of antigens under study. Secreted antibodies can then be measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or other soluble-antibody detection systems. - [Read Assays for B Lymphocyte Function Protocols]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

The ability to synthesize RNA in the lab is critical to many techniques.Radiolabeled and nonisotopically labeled RNA probes, generated in small scale transcription reactions can be used in blot hybridizations and nuclease protection assays. This article includes information on: Requirements For Transcription, RNA Phage Polymerases, Template Options: Plasmids, PCR Products, Oligonuclotides and cDNA, Sense or Antisense, Conventional Or Large Scale Synthesis, Products for In Vitro Transcription. - [Read Basic Information on In Vitro Transcription]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Cell Viability Protocols

Choosing a cell viability or cytotoxicity assay from among the many different options available can be a challenging task. Includes information on: Establishing an In Vitro Model System; Choosing an Endpoint to Measure; Characterizing Assay Responsiveness; Determining Dose and Duration of Exposure; Homogeneous Assays for Multiwell Formats and Automated Screening; Additional Factors to Consider When Choosing a Cell Viability Assay; Cell Viability Assays that Measure ATP Protocol; etc.. - [Read Cell Viability Information For Protocols and Applications]

Category: Signalling Signal Transduction Protocols: Cytokine Protocols

Antibody Neutralization of TNF-α-Induced Killing of L929 Cell Line, IFN-γ-Protection from Viral Infection of L929 and A549 Cell Lines, TNF-α-Induced Killing of L929 Cell Line. eBiosciences. - [Read Cytokine Neutralization, In Vitro Using Antibodies]

Category: Xenopus Protocols: Xenopus Injection Protocols

Differences in injection of X. laevis and X. tropicalis. Includes: X. tropicalis lays eggs about 4 hours after a boost of hCG; In vitro fertilization is not nearly as efficient in trops compared to laevis; X. tropicalis embryos are much softer than X. laevis embryos; X. tropicalis embryos whose jelly coats are removed by cysteine have a loose sticky vitelline membrane; X. tropicalis do not have a "summer slump". - [Read Differences in Injection of X. laevis and X. tropicalis]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols: Stem Cell Culture Protocols

In vitro differentiation of ES cells occurs when the cells are allowed to aggregate in suspension culture in the absence of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Hanging drops provide a uniform aggregate size, which is then expanded by continued growth in suspension culture. The embryoid bodies are then plated and allowed to differentiate further in culture. - [Read Differentiation of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Electroporation Sonoporation Protocols

Protocol for electroporation and RNAi in the rodent retina in vivo and in vitro. - [Read Electroporation and RNAi in the Rodent Retina In Vivo and In Vitro Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols

Protocol for electroporation and RNAi in the rodent retina in vivo and in vitro. - [Read Electroporation and RNAi in the Rodent Retina In Vivo and In Vitro Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: EMSA DNA-Protein Protocols

Primer design, Primer annealing, Primer labelling, Probe purification, In vitro hybridization DNA-protein Binding reaction. Jonathan Flint. - [Read EMSA Protocol using 32-p.]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

Provides information on specific parameters you need to be aware of when using eukaryotic in vitro translation systems. Includes: DNA Template Considerations; Protein Labeling; Non-Radioactive Protein Labeling. - [Read Eukaryotic In Vitro Translation Systems]

Category: Gene Delivery Protocols: Biolistics Protocols

The technique has many advantages—plasmids may be used for delivery, DNA theoretically can be delivered to any cell type, and genes may be delivered to cells in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo. DNA-coated gold particles are distributed evenly along the length of the tubing, which is subsequently cut into short sections of cartridges to be used in a gene gun. The Helios Gene Gun uses a pulse of helium to launch the DNA-coated particles, spreading them onto the target cells. - [Read Gene Delivery to Skin Using Biolistics Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Liver Toxicity Assays Protocols

This test is designed to detect irreversible toxic effects on both cell growth and survival, by the evaluation of colony-forming (CF) efficiency, in hepatoma cell lines derived from man, rat and mouse. - [Read Hepatoma Cell Cultures as In Vitro Models for Hepatotoxicity]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Hepatocyte Cell Culture

Primary culture of hepatocytes is an in vitro model widely used to ... protocols for cytochromes P450IIIA in vivo and in primary cultures of animal and ...Human Hepatocyte Culture Protocol - [Read Human Hepatocyte Culture Protocol]

Category: Immunology: T Cell Protocols

Protocol for the Stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody; MTT assay for detection of cellular proliferation. Human PBMCs can be activated in vitro by soluble anti-human CD3 antibodies. Performed titration studies with these antibodies and established the following protocol for stimulation of PBMC. - [Read Human T Cell Activation Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols

Protocol for in vitro class switching staining for flow cytometry. - [Read In Vitro Class Switching Staining for Flow Cytometry Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols

Protocol for in vitro endoplasmic reticulum to golgi transport reaction in Yeast. Includes: Preparation of Membranes; One-Stage Reaction; Two-Stage Reaction using Normal Amount of Membranes; Two-Stage Reaction using Low Concentration of Membranes. - [Read In Vitro Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Transport Reaction in Yeast Protocol]

Category: DNA Protein Interactions Protocols: Dnase Footprinting Assay Protocols

Protocol for in vitro footprinting methods. Includes: Preparation of labeled probes; Gel purification. - [Read In Vitro Footprinting Methods Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols

Protocol of in vitro growth of seedlings includes: sterilisation of seeds; plating and growth. - [Read In Vitro Growth of Seedlings]