virus Protocols

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Isolation Protocols

Protocol describes typical methods that are used to propagate and purify AAV vectors for experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Includes: Principles of the Triple Plasmid Transfection System; Plasmids; Transfection and Extraction of Virus; Purification of the AAV vector. - [Read A Protocol for AAV Vector Production and Purification]

Category: Cloning Protocols: Vector Protocols

Protocol is used to propagate and purify AAV vectors for experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Includes: Principles of the Triple Plasmid Transfection System; Plasmids; Transfection and Extraction of Virus; Purification of the AAV vector. - [Read AAV Vector Production and Purification Protocol]

Category: Cloning Protocols: Baculovirus Protein Expression Protocols

Protocol for amplification of Baculovirus plaques and preparation of high titer virus stocks. Includes: Primary Amplification; Secondary Amplification. - [Read Amplification of Baculovirus Plaques and Preparation of High Titer Virus Stocks Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: cDNA Synthesis Protocols

This method, for the selective amplification of full-length cDNA ends, involves the addition of an adapter during reverse transcription.  This method takes advantage of the propensity of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV RT) to append two to four cytosines to the 3'-end of newly synthesized cDNA strands.  The additional residues are added when the enzyme reaches the 5'-cap structure at the end of the mRNA template. - [Read Cap-Switching RACE Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols

Protocol for collection of specimens for detection of measles virus RNA by PCR. - [Read Collection of Specimens for Detection of Measles Virus RNA by PCR Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Insect Cell Culture Protocols

The use of Ferbach flasks is an ideal method to amplify the cells and virus inoculum for the bioreactor. The method is also very practical for producing sufficient amounts of various proteins for feasibility studies using HyQ© SFX-Insect™ medium. The large surface area in this vessel enables sufficient aeration and, therefore, the cells, when they reach high density, are not oxygen depleted. - [Read Culturing of Insect Cells and Production of Baculovirus Expressed Recombinant Proteins in 2.8 Liter]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Genetics Protocols

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) uses a virus to deliver a sequence from a gene of interest into a host plant. The virus carrying the fragment of the gene of interest must be capable of replication if dsRNA is to be produced. One or two leaves are inoculated with Agrobacterium strains carrying the VIGS vector possessing the gene fragment. The virus then replicates and spreads throughout the plant, mediating silencing. - [Read Delivery of dsRNA into Plants by VIGS Methodology]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

Protocol for the electroporation for sindbis virus production. - [Read Electroporation for Sindbis Virus Production Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Electroporation Sonoporation Protocols

Protocol for electroporation for Sindbis virus production. - [Read Electroporation for Sindbis Virus Production Protocol]

Category: Immunology

Protocol for Epstein-Barr Virus transformation of lymphoblasts. Protocol describes a method for the transformation of lymphoblasts by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Cells may be isolated from whole blood or taken from cryopreserved, non-immortalized stocks. - [Read Epstein-Barr Virus Transformation of Lymphoblasts Protocol]

Category: Immunology: Macrophage Monocyte Protocols

Erythrophagocytosis Assay. The erythrophagocytosis assay is performed to compare the phagocytic rate with and without anti-eythrocyte antibody in either macrophages from control animals or virus-infected counterparts. Andrei Musaji Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Group - [Read Erythrophagocytosis Assay]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

Protocol for the generation of B95-8 EB-Virus. - [Read Generation of B95-8 EB-Virus Protocol]

Category: Immunohistochemistry Protocols: Antibody Staining Protocols

Protocol for in situ hybridization for Epstein Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER). Includes: Glassware decontamination; Double staining for EBER and a second antibody . - [Read In Situ Hybridization for Epstein Barr Virus-Encoded RNA (EBER) Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: In Vivo Imaging Protocols

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a established quantitative and noninvasive imaging modality. With the PET reporter gene (PRG)/PET reporter probe (PRP) system, based on a mutant form of herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk), the PET signal is directly proportional to the enzymatic activity of sr39TK9-14. In this protocol, we describe in detail a method for reporter gene labeling of islets and quantitative scanning using a reporter probe. - [Read In Vivo Functional Real-Time Imaging of Transplanted Islets Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET)]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Isolation Protocols

During incubation period and the course of disease, SARS virus replicates and releases from cells. The level of virus varies greatly from sample to sample. At early stage of incubation period or during the late convalescent phase, the concentration of virus is very low in all kinds of samples. Virus is also detected at extremely low concentrations in plasma during... - [Read Kit for Rapid Enrichment of SARS Virus]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture

Purification protocols of the viruses: HIV-1, Lassa virus, oncornavirus and other retroviruses. Protocol uses an iodixanol gradient in a sedimentation velocity mode to purifyHIV-1 virions without affecting the infectivity of the virus. In rate-zonal iodixanol gradients the HIV-1 was effectively separated both from Vif and from the microvesicles. - [Read M5 Velocity (rate zonal) gradients for purification and assembly analysis of viruses.]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Lines Protocols

RAW 264.7 cells are a macrophage-like, Abelson leukemia virus transformed cell line derived from BALB/c mice. For routine maintenance in culture (passage), cells are seeded at a confluence of approximately 10% (1 x 106 and 3 x 106 cells in 100-mm and 150-mm plates, respectively) and grown to a confluence of approximately 80%. This procedure requires the cells to be split every two days. - [Read Passage Procedure for RAW 264.7 Cells]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Protocols

Protocol describes a method for generating isolated plaques from a stock of bacteriophage lambda. Each plaque derives from infection of a single bacterium by a single bacteriophage particle. Because each plaque contains the progeny of a single virus particle, the bacteriophages derived from a single plaque are essentially genetically identical to one another. - [Read Plating Bacteriophage Lambda Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: M13 Phage Manipulation Protocols

Bacteriophage M13 single-stranded DNA is prepared from virus particles secreted by infected cells into the surrounding medium. The filamentous particles are concentrated by precipitation from a high-ionic-strength buffer with polyethylene glycol. Subsequent extraction with phenol releases the single-stranded DNA, which is then collected by precipitation with ethanol. This protocol is generally used to prepare single-stranded DNA from a small number of M13 isolates. - [Read Preparation of Single-stranded Bacteriophage M13 DNA Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Protocols

Protocol describes methods to superinfect bacteria carrying a recombinant phagemid with a high-titer stock of an appropriate helper virus and to assay the yield of filamentous virus particles that carry single-stranded copies of the phagemid DNA. The key to success in using phagemids is to prepare a stock of helper virus whose titer is accurately known. - [Read Producing Single-stranded DNA with Phagemid Vectors Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Insect Cell Culture Protocols

Production of Autographa californica Multiple Capsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (rAcMNPV) Stock. - [Read Production of Autographa californica Multiple Capsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (rAcMNPV) Stock]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Insect Cell Culture Protocols

Includes protocols: Direct Adaptation to HyQ© SFX-Insect™ Medium; Sequential Adaptation to HyQ© SFX-Insect™ Medium; Adaptation of High Five™ Cells to HyQ© SFX-Insect™; Production of Recombinant Protein Using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System; Culturing Insect Cells and Production of Baculovirus Expressed Proteins in 2.8 L Fernbach Systems. Production of Autographa californica Multiple Capsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (rAcMNPV) Stock - [Read Protocols for Insect Cell Culture]

Category: Viral Protocols

Protocol for the purification of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and parvovirus in pre-formed iodixanol gradients. - [Read Purification of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) and Parovirus Protocol]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

When an individual bacterial virus grows in a bacterial host suspended in a top agar lawn, its progeny infect and lyse the surrounding host cells. This causes the appearance of a "hole" or plaque in the otherwise homogeneous bacterial lawn. Since each plaque represents a single virus, the number of viruses in the aliquot added to the plate is equal to the number of plaques which appear. - [Read Titering of Bacterial Viruses Protocol]

Category: Viral Protocols

Protocol for the titration of retrovirus. - [Read Titration of Retrovirus Protocol]