To generate "3'-end" partial cDNA clones, mRNA is reverse-transcribed using a "hybrid" primer (Qtotal, QT) that consists of two mixed bases (GATC/GAC followed by [T]17) and a unique 35-base oligonucleotide sequence (QI-QO). Amplification is then performed using a primer containing part of this sequence (Qouter, Qo) (which now binds to each cDNA at its 3'-end) and a primer derived from the gene of interest, GSP1 (gene-specific primer 1). - [Read 3'-End cDNA Amplification Using Classic RACE Protocol]
Method assesses cellular mRNA transcripts in tissue sections and cell cultures using unique short anti-sense primers directed against sequences in particular protein(s). The unlabeled synthetic cDNA oligonucleotide primers are extended complementary to a sense mRNA transcript using reverse transcriptase and labeled through incorporation of a fluorescent-labeled dUTP nucleotide base. This procedure provides rapid detection of low abundance mRNA messages that can be related to other cellular.... - [Read Fluorescent In Situ Transcription in Cells and Tissues Protocol]
Acidocalcisomes, the dense acidic calcium-storing organelles, which were originally identified in Trypanosoma cruzi, have no parallels in mammalian cells. They thus represent a unique functional characteristic, not shared by the host and hence offer an important potential target for chemotherapy of Chagas disease. - [Read Fractionation of Acidocalcisomes and Other Organelles from Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Chlamydomonas]
Human tissues are comprised of multiple interacting cell populations in a complex three dimensional arrangement with each cellular phenotype determined by a unique profile of mRNA and protein expression. Before microdissection techniques were developed, the only analysis tools for phenotypic studies were primarily immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. While useful, these tools are limited to single gene analysis and, in general, do not allow qualitative studies. - [Read Microdissection Overview]
Overview of Flow Cytometry- https://catalog.invitrogen.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=iProtocol.unitSectionTree&treeNodeID=9E661BFDC3F5C6C63380B3829E2D6599&objectid=6674E52FF6A6D9943372F453033D787C
Provides an overview of terminology and echniques unique to flow ytometry and is divided into two sections. The first section discusses technical aspects of flow cytometry which apply primarily to the instrumentation-oriented flow cytometry phase. The second section discusses electronic cell separation using flow cytometry. - [Read Overview of Flow Cytometry]
Protocol for PCR labeling of ds DNA with the PCR DIG Probe Synthesis Kit or PCR Labeling Mixes. Includes: PCR DIG labeling reaction for highly labeled probes containing unique sequences; PCR DIG labeling reaction for moderately labeled probes; PCR fluorescein labeling reaction for direct in situ probes. - [Read PCR Labeling of ds DNA with the PCR DIG Probe Synthesis Kit or PCR Labeling Mixes Protocol]
Zygotes can be identified by their unique morphology. They can be easily separated away from nonmated cells using a micromanipulator. This method provides an alternative to the selection of diploid cells on a medium that prevents the growth of haploid parent cells. - [Read Picking Zygotes Protocol]
Peroxisomes can be purified in iodixanol gradients in high yield (80-90%) with no detectable contamination from any other organelle. This is a property unique to iodixanol because the
densities of other organelles, particularly that of mitochondria (approx ρ = 1.14 g/ml) and endoplasmic reticulum (approx ρ = 1.13 g/ml) are much lower than that of peroxisomes (approx ρ = 1.18 g/ml). - [Read Purification of Peroxisomes using a Density Barrier in a Swinging-Bucket Rotor]
Sophisticated fluorescence microscopy methods & equipment, now allow cellular events to be studied at high resolution in living material. The studying of living fly tissues presents unique difficulties in keeping the cells alive, introducing fluorescent probes, & imaging through thick hazy cytoplasm. This protocol outlines the preparation of major tissue types amenable to study by time-lapse cinematography and different methods for keeping them alive. - [Read Time-Lapse Cinematography in Living Drosophila Tissues: Preparation of Material]
This protocol is designed to detect sequences in the murine genome by polymerase chain reaction amplification, and is adapted from Stratman and Simon (Transgenic Res. 12, 521-522 (2003)).For those familiar with PCR genotyping, this method differs from the typical protocol by utilizing a unique enzyme (Klentaq), 30mer primers, and a 68° annealing temperature. - [Read Universal Mouse Genotyping Protocol]
This protocol describes the electroporation of the BMH 81-17 mut S strain that is recommended for tranformation of the site directed mutagenesis of dsDNA (See Protocol on Site-Directed Mutagenesis on Double Stranded DNA). BMH 81-17 mut S are a mismatch repair defective (mut S) Escherichia coli strain. The probability that the two mutations will cosegregate during the first round of DNA replication is increased in this strain.
The protocol gives general considerations for the design of targeting vectors for transgenic mice. The protocol shares tips in the design of knock-out and knock-in vectors and some of their strategies for producing homologously recombined embryonic stem cells.