types Protocols

Category: Cloning Protocols: Vector Protocols

Protocol for infection for adherent cell types. - [Read Adherent Cell Types Infection Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols

Different cell types vary in their phosphatidylserine (PS) content, along with the amount of PS exposure on the cell surface after cell death. This protocol is a guideline for getting started, however it may be necessary to adjust the concentration of the Annexin V-FITC. - [Read Annexin V Protocol for Flow Cytometry]

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

Describes the antigenic stimulation of in vitro antibody production by B cells and the subsequent measurement of secreted antibodies. The first protocol is a generalized system for inducing in vitro antibody production and can accommodate various types of antigens under study. Secreted antibodies can then be measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or other soluble-antibody detection systems. - [Read Assays for B Lymphocyte Function Protocols]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Calcium Phosphate Transfection Protocols

Calcium phosphate forms an insoluble precipitate with DNA, which attaches to the cell surface and is taken into the cells by endocytosis. The protocol is easily adapted for use with other types of cells, both adherent and nonadherent. This protocol is a modified version of a method published by Jordan et al. (1996) who rigorously optimized calcium-phosphate-based transfection methods for Chinese hamster ovary cells and the 293 line of human embryonic kidney cells. - [Read Calcium-phosphate-mediated Transfection of Eukaryotic Cells with Plasmid DNAs]

Category: Molecular Biology Protocols: Carbohydrate Protocols

o determine the relative amounts of LPS carbohydrates present in a given strain. The assay can be done on one set of samples and then scanned at the various wavelengths for reasonable data on the 3 types of sugars. HEXOSE ASSAY, 6-DEOXYHEXOSE ASSAY, HEPTOSE ASSAY. Hancock Laboratory. - [Read Carbohydrate Assays]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture

Cell fractionation techniques are presented for the design of gradient systems for separating one or more cell types from lavages of body cavities or from mechanically or enzymically-dissociated tissues. Includes: Preparation of cell suspension for gradient loading; Fractionation by buoyant density; Fractionation on the basis of cell size. - [Read Cell Fractionation of a Mixed Population of Cells]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Extraction From Cells

Cell Lysate Extracts. Great protocols for cell lysis preparation from a variety of cell types. There are numerous methods of cell stimulation and lysis. For a given protein, Upstate’s Laboratories determine the specific treatment upon initial testing of its products. It is important to select the correct cell line, stimulation procedure (if any), and lysis protocol. Upstate. - [Read Cell Lysate Extracts]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Column Chromatography Protocols

Size Exclusion Column Chromatography Protocol. PDF. In this protocol you will learn how to use three types of column chromatography: Gel Filtration or Size Exclusion (SEC), Ion Exchange (IEC), and affinity (AC) in order to purify proteins and enzymes based on the physical properties of these biomolecules. Univ. Arizona, Biochemistry. - [Read Column Chromatography Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Staining Protocols

Counterstains are used to help differentiate the various cell types of subcellular structures seen in cell staining. They are essential for tissue sections, allowing the identification of the cell types, but also may be helpful in other staining reactions. - [Read Counterstains Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Laser Capture Microdissection Protocols

Three Ambion kits were used to quantitate specific miRNAs and to detect differential miRNA expression in various mouse brain regions and cell types isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM). These techniques can be applied to studying miRNA in other species, tissues, and cell types. Includes: Obtain Laser Capture Microdissected Samples; Isolate miRNA from LCM Samples; Quantitate miRNA by qRT-PCR. - [Read Detect and Quantitate MicroRNA in Laser Capture Microdissection Samples]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols

CGH provides a comprehensive picture of all chromosomal gains and losses within a single experiment. In contrast to banding analysis, CGH requires no preparation of metaphase chromosomes from the cells to be analyzed (which in certain tumor types may be difficult or even impossible). - [Read Detection of Chromosomal Imbalances Using DOP-PCR and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)]

Category: PCR Protocols

Method uses PCR to amplify and display many cDNAs derived from the mRNAs of a given cell or tissue type.  The method relies on two different types of synthetic oligonucleotides: anchored antisense primers and arbitrary sense primers.  A typical anchored primer is complementary to approx. 13 nucleotides of the poly(A) tail of mRNA and the adjacent two nucleotides of the transcribed sequence. - [Read Differential Display-PCR Protocol]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols

Pluripotent ES cells can develop into many types of differentiated tissues if they are placed back into a differentiating environment. Often, differentiation proceeds through an intermediate stage called the embryoid body (EB). EBs can be manipulated further to generate more differentiated cell types. This protocol describes a method for differentiation of ES cells into EBs. - [Read Differentiating Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells into Embryoid Bodies Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols

Polybrene and DMSO can be used to achieve stable transformation of several types of cells by plasmid DNA. The yield of transformants is up to 15-fold greater with Polybrene than with calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation. However, there is no difference between the two methods in the efficiency of transformation of cells by high-molecular-weight DNA. - [Read DNA Transfection Using Polybrene Protocol]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH Protocol

Protocol for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for DNA replication origins. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique used for the detection of specific chromosomal rearrangements and applicable to many different specimen types. FISH is widely used for several diagnostic applications. - [Read Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for DNA Replication Origins Protocol]

Category: Antibody Protocols: Antibody Production Protocols

Novel strategy of immunizing a phosphorylated peptide or a synthetic phosphopeptide, which corresponds to the protein phosphorylated at a targeted residue. Method has been applied to the production of antibodies that can specifically recognize the other types of site-specific protein modification, such as acetylation, methylation, and proteolysis. - [Read Functional Analyses for Site-Specific Phosphorylation of a Target Protein in Cells]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Protein Protocols: Yeast Protein Protein Interactions Protocols

This procedure capitalizes on the asexual/sexual reproductive cycle of yeast cells. Laboratory yeast strains can be maintained indefinitely by asexual reproduction as one of two haploid mating types, MATa or MAT{alpha}. - [Read Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using a Two-Hybrid Array]

Category: Immunohistochemistry Protocols: Fixation Protocols

Information on histotechniques. Includes: Fixation - types of fixatives; factors affecting fixation; General usage of fixatives; Tissue Processing; Sectioning; Frozen Sections; Staining; H and E staining; Coverslipping; Decalcification; Artefacts in Histologic Sections; Problems in Tissue Processing. - [Read Histotechniques Fixation]

Category: Neuroscience Protocols: Neuronal Stains Protocols

An appropriate term for glial fibers is 'nerve glue', because they provide the internal support of the central nervous system.  There are four types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligosendroglia,microglia, and ependymal cells. The glia fibers are stained with crystal violet which are resistant to the aniline-chloroform differentiating solution. - [Read Holzer's Stain Protocol]

Category: Tetrahymena Protozoa Protocols

Mature Tetrahymena cells of opposite mating types are starved under appropriate salt conditions. The mating types are then combined to costimulate through cell-cell interaction. Loose pairs and then firm, irreversible pairs of cells of opposite mating types form. This method consistently results in a high percentage of pairing (usually greater than 80%) and good synchrony. - [Read Induction of Conjugation in Tetrahymena Protocol]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Isolation Protocols

This protocol may be used for the infection of adherent cell lines. - [Read Infection Protocol for Adherent Cell Types]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Isolation from Mammalian Cells Protocols

Procedure is used to prepare DNA simultaneously from many different types of samples or tissues.  Although the DNA is generally too small (approx.  80 kb) for efficient construction of genomic DNA libraries, it gives excellent results in Southern hybridizations and PCRs.  Cultured aneuploid mammalian cells (2 x 107, e.g., HeLa cells) yield 100 µg of DNA in a volume of 1 ml. - [Read Isolation of DNA from Mammalian Cells by Spooling Protocol]

Category: Molecular Imaging: Light Microscopy

Types of light microscopy, Bright Field Microscopy, Using a bright field microscope, mounting on slides, adjusting the microscope, Care of the microscope, When to use bright field microscopy. David R. Caprette. Rice University. - [Read Light Microscopy]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Photosynthesis and Respiration Protocols

Comparison among residential patch transition types and landscape water use efficiency, photosynthesis measurement protocol. - [Read Photosynthesis Measurement Protocol]

Category: Microinjection Protocols: Microinjection Equipment

This protocol contains methods for pulling microinjection needles using two different models of pipette pullers. The advantage of pulling needles in the laboratory is that a variety of different needle types can be pulled, depending on the samples and cells being injected. An added advantage is cost; once a pipette puller has been purchased, boxes of glass capillaries are inexpensive compared to premade microinjection needles. - [Read Preparation (Pulling) of Needles for Gene Delivery by Microinjection Protocol]