toxicity Protocols

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cytotoxicity Assays in Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol descibes the use of L929 mouse fibroblast cells cultured in vitro in an agarose overlay assay to assess the toxicity of test substances.  The assay may be useful in assessing the irritation potential of test substances (e.g. surfactant-based products) as an alternative to the Draize rabbit eye test. - [Read Agarose Overlay Assay Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols

The Allium test provides a rapid screening procedure for chemicals, pollutants contaminants, etc. which may represent environmental hazards.  Root growth inhibition and adverse effects upon chromosomes provide an indication of likely toxicity. - [Read Allium Test]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols

The Allium test provides a rapid screening procedure for chemicals, pollutants contaminants, etc. which may represent environmental hazards.  Root growth inhibition and adverse effects upon chromosomes provide an indication of likely toxicity. - [Read Allium Test]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols

Changes in the balance of cytoskeletal proteins after exposure to test compounds can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative biochemical methods. - [Read Cytoskeletal Alterations as a Parameter for Assessment of Toxicity]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cytotoxicity Assays in Cell Culture Protocols

Macrophage cells in culture may be exposed to particulate matter, and resultant effects upon cell viability determined by vital dye exclusion and enzyme leakage assays. - [Read Dust Toxicity in Rat Alveolar Macrophage Cultures Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cytotoxicity Assays in Cell Culture Protocols

This simple cell culture-based cytotoxicity test (in which cell viability is determined by uptake of the dyes ethidium bromide and fluorescein acetate) has been developed as a general test for acute toxicity. - [Read LS-L929 Cytotoxcitiy Test]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols

Mammalian toxicology for acute toxicity studies.  Includes: M101 Acute Limit Test (Rodents), M102 Acute Toxicity Study (Rats or Mice), M120 Dose Escalation Study (Dog), M103 Acute Dermal Limit Test, M104 Acute Dermal (LD50), Study M105 Primary Dermal Irritation, M106 Primary Eye Irritation Study, M106-A, M110 Local Lymph Node Assay in Mouse, M115 Rabbit Vaginal Irritation Assay. - [Read Mammalian Toxicology Acute Toxicity Studies]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols

Mammalian toxicology repeat dose toxicity studies. Includes: M204 14-Day Oral Toxicity Study (Rodents), M204-H, M204-RH, M205 14-Day Oral Toxicity Study (Dogs), M205-H, M205-RH, M201 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study, M201-R, M202 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study, M202-R, M211 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study (Rodent), M211-20, M212 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study (Dog), M215 90-Day Dermal Toxicity Study, M213 Two-Year Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study, M214 6-Month Carcinogenicity Study in p53+/Transgenic Mice. - [Read Mammalian Toxicology Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cell Specific Cytotoxicity Assays Protocols

In this test rabbit articular chondrocytes are cultured in the presence of test compound, the toxicity of which is then determined by its effect on the production of proteoglycan by the cells, as detected by the dye Alcian Blue. - [Read Rabbit Articular Chondrocyte Functional Toxicity Test]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis Protocols

SDS-PAGE with Low Toxicity Staining Protocol. Chad Rappleye, Aroian Lab Protocols - [Read SDS-PAGE with Low Toxicity Staining]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cytotoxicity Assays in Cell Culture Protocols

Rabbit-derived corneal cells are cultured in the presence of test compounds, the toxicity of which are determined by their effect upon cell viability.  A decrease in cell number, as measured by uptake of the dye Neutral Red, serves as an indicator of potential cytotoxicity.  This test has been proposed as a potential replacement alternative for the Draize Eye Irritation test. - [Read SIRC Cytotoxcitiy Test]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Microorganism Cytotoxicity Assays Protocols

The basis of this test is that a cytotoxic chemical (regardless of site or mechanism of action) will interfere with the normal motility of the protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, in culture.  The degree of interference of motility as compared to control cultures, related to the concentration of the test compound, provides an indication of toxicity. - [Read Tetrahymena Thermophila Ocular Irritancy Test]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Neurospora Protocols

Information and tips on the toxicity of antibiotics and other drugs to Neurospora. - [Read Toxicity of Antibiotics and Other Drugs to Neurospora]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Microorganism Cytotoxicity Assays Protocols

The proliferation rate of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, may be regarded as an overall indicator of the physiological status of the cell.  Therefore, the effect of various toxic substances on different cell functions will be reflected by changes in the rate of proliferation.  It is possible to determine the toxicity of a test substance simply by measuring cell density. - [Read Yeast Growth Rate Cytotoxicity Test]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Microorganism Cytotoxicity Assays Protocols

Accumulation of lipophilic substances, many of which may be environmental chemicals, affects the membrane lipid order and consequently affects the functions of these proteins.  Since, the function of important cellular proteins, such as the H+-ATPase strongly depends upon the integrity of the lipid bilayer, the activity of the H+-ATPase may be used as a sensitive indicator of the effect that a chemical may have on the viability of the cell. - [Read Yeast Plasma Membrane H+ -ATPASE Toxicity Test]