time Protocols

Category: Real Time PCR

Affymetrix Real Time PCR information and optimization. Yale U. Keck Foundation. - [Read Affymetrix Real Time PCR information and optimization]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Apoptosis Protocols: Apoptosis Analysis

An Integrative Procedure for Apoptosis Identification and Measurement. Yingyu Cui Lab/Group: National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences. I have uploaded an integrative procedure through which a relatively satisfactory result can be obtained following a single stage of cell culture and transient cell treatment, then detection with different instruments. This shortens experiment time. - [Read An Integrative Procedure For Apoptosis Identification And Measurement]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Apoptosis Cytometry Protocols

An integrative procedure through which a relatively satisfactory result can be obtained following a single stage of cell culture and transient cell treatment, then detection with different instruments. This shortens experiment time. - [Read Apoptosis Identification and Measurement Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Intracellular Ion Measurement Protocols

This protocol describes a method to assess concentrations of free cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) in cultured RAW 264.7 cells. This objective is accomplished with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, fluo-3, which permeates cells as an ester and is hydrolyzed in the cell to its Ca2+-sensitive acidic form. Fluorescence is measured over time with adherent cells that have been washed free of extracellular dye. - [Read Assay of Intracellular Free Calcium in RAW 264.7 Cells for Ligand Screen Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Intracellular Ion Measurement Protocols

This protocol describes a method to assess concentrations of free cytoplasmic calcium, [Ca2+]i, in cultured adherent RAW 264.7 cells, using a 96- well plate format. This objective is accomplished by using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, fluo-3, which permeates cell membranes as an ester and is hydrolyzed in the cell to its Ca2+-sensitive acidic form. Fluorescence for the adherent cells is measured over time by using a bottom read of a 96-well plate, with cells that have been washed. - [Read Assay of Intracellular Free Calcium in RAW 264.7 Cells Loaded with Fluo-3 Protocol]

Category: Gene Delivery Protocols: DNA Nanoparticles Protocols

This protocol describes a stepwise procedure to prepare nucleic acids encapsulated in a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-shielded nanolipoparticle (NLP) that contain a bioresponsive lipid and ligand. This process provides several advantages for systemic gene delivery. The in vivo circulation time is extended. Also, low pH-sensitive lipids enhance DNA unpacking and endosomal escape. Finally, ligands inserted into the NLP surface can target gene delivery to specific tissues or cells in vivo. - [Read Bioresponsive Targeted Charge Neutral Lipid Vesicles for Systemic Gene Delivery Protocol]

Category: Buffers Media, and Solutions

Buffer Calculator. Amazing calculator input whatever you want. Time saver! Lab Velocity. - [Read Buffer Calculator. Lab Velocity]

Category: PCR Protocols: Real-Time PCR Protocols

Protocol describes the real-time PCR using RNA purified from laser-captured tissues Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM): Preparation and Sectioning of Frozen Tissue Blocks and Purification of RNA from Isolated Cells. - [Read cDNA Synthesis and Real-Time PCR Using RNA from Laser-Captured Cells Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocols

Mapping Protein/DNA Interactions by Cross-Linking Examining the Distribution of Telomeric and DNA Repair Proteins by ChrIP and Real-Time PCR - [Read Chromatin-IP (ChrIP) Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Live-Cell Imaging Protocols

Specimen chambers have had many designs published over the years describing systems that offer excellent optical properties while allowing specimens to be maintained for varying amounts of time. Ranging in complexity from the simple preparation of a sealed coverslip on a microscope slide to sophisticated perfusion chambers that enable tight control of virtually all environmental variables culture chambers are designed to to allow living specimens to be observed with minimal invasion at high res. - [Read Culture Chambers for Live-Cell Imaging]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Fungi Genetics Protocols

Standard operating procedure for the determination of tissue fungal burden utilizing quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). This standard operating procedure will provide information on how to assess fungal tissue burden of infected animals by use of a single copy (FKS) or multicopy gene (18s RNA) to assess the number of fungal cell nuclei present. - [Read Determination of Tissue Fungal Burden Utilizing Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction]

Category: Transfection Protocols

Protocol should be viewed as a starting point for systematic optimization of transfection mediated by lipofecting agents. Once a positive signal has been obtained from a transfected plasmid carrying a standard reporter gene, optimal conditions for transfection can be established by systematic variation of parameters such as the initial cell density, the amount and purity of DNA, the media and serum, and the time of exposure of the cells to the cationic-lipid-DNA complex. - [Read DNA Transfection Mediated by Lipofection Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture

Flow assays offer visualization of cell adhesion under wall shear stress. Visualization of the different events of cell adhesion can be quantified by selective image acquisition and subsequent image processing. Flow assays are suited for adhesive events which occur very rapidly in a time scale shorter than that of most static adhesion assays. Also, events subsequent to the initial events can be studied such as cell stabilization and spreading giving some insight into the kinetics of cell-cell. - [Read Dynamic Flow Assay for Cell Adhesion in a Parallel Plate Flow Chamber]

Category: Bacterial Cell Culture Protocols

The growth conditions of microbial cell cultures and the time of sample collection should be optimized and standardized when growing cells for protein extraction. Because cells may excrete proteases and other extracellular enzymes, and compounds in the medium may interfere with extraction, wash cultures with an isotonic buffer, such as PBS or sucrose before solubilization. - [Read Extraction and Solubilization of Total Protein from Microorganisms Protocol]

Category: C. elegans Protocols: C. elegans Fixing Protocols

Parameters for fixation and staining. Includes: Antigen, Fixation, Fixation time, Antibody and Dilution. - [Read Fixation and Staining Parameters]

Category: C. elegans Protocols: C. elegans Fixing Protocols

Bouin’s fixative is a particularly good choice for worms because it penetrates dense tissues well and is extremely good for fixing antigens. Like all strong fixatives, however, it is unsuitable for some antibody-antigen pairs. In such cases, the length of time in the Bouin’s fixative can be shortened, or paraformaldehyde fixation can be used instead. - [Read Fixing Caenorhabditis elegans in Bouin’s Fixative Protocol]

Category: Cloning Protocols

Protocol describes a method for DNA fragmentation by sonication. During sonication, DNA samples are subjected to hydrodynamic shearing by exposure to brief periods of sonication. DNA that has been sonicated for excessive periods of time is extremely difficult to clone. - [Read Fragmentation of DNA by Sonication Protocol]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols

This protocol describes a method for freezing and thawing ES cells using cryovials. It is important to freeze ES cell stocks as soon as possible to reduce the time that they are in culture. A careful record should be kept of the number of times cells are passaged and the location of the cryovials. - [Read Freezing and Thawing of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells Using Cryovials Protocol]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

A crude lysate gel assay can be performed to roughly quantitate the DNA in lysates. This is often a valuable time saving step to determine if the phage yield is sufficient to warrant continuing the procedure. - [Read Gel Assay to Determine DNA Content of Phage Lysates Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

Generation of a growth curve can be useful in evaluating the growth characteristics of a cell line. From a growth curve, the lag time, population doubling time, and saturation density can be determined. - [Read Generation of Growth Curve Protocol]

Category: Real Time PCR

Genotyping Ts65Dn mice is based on doing simultaneous quantitative PCR amplification of a gene or genes in the Ts65Dn chromosome and a control gene on another chromosome (in this case Apob) and comparing the average change (delta) in threshold cycle (CT) - [Read Genotyping Mice Using Real Time]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Liquid Chromatography Protocols

Protocols and information on general HPLC column care. Includes: Silica based columns and Polymer based columns.  Protocols included: pH stability, Mechanical stability, Mobile phases (Eluents), Proper storage of HPLC columns, Equilibration time, Regeneration of a column, Regeneration of RP packings, Regeneration of NP (Normal Phase) packings, Regeneration of Ion Exchange Packings - [Read HPLC Column Care Protocols and Information]

Category: Gene Delivery Protocols

This highly efficient in vivo gene transduction technique for laboratory mice. Hepatocytes are most effectively transduced by tail vein injection of a large volume of DNA solution in a short time. Practice with the injection technique is necessary!!! - [Read Hydrodynamics-Based Gene Transduction Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Electron Microscopy Protocols

In recent years, the increased sensitivity of electron detectors and the availability of low-vacuum or variable-pressure systems have allowed imaging of fresh tissue samples without the need for fixation, drying, and coating. This obviously saves a lot of time, although the image quality may not be as good as that obtained from fixed samples. However, for most applications that tend to be at a relatively low magnification, the quality can be as good as that obtained from fixed samples. - [Read Imaging of Fresh Arabidopsis Tissues in the Scanning Electron Microscope]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols

In recent years, the increased sensitivity of electron detectors and the availability of low-vacuum or variable-pressure systems have allowed imaging of fresh tissue samples without the need for fixation, drying, and coating. This obviously saves a lot of time, although the image quality may not be as good as that obtained from fixed samples. However, for most applications that tend to be at a relatively low magnification, the quality can be as good as that obtained from fixed samples. - [Read Imaging of Fresh Arabidopsis Tissues in the Scanning Electron Microscope Protocol]