Protocol descibes the use of L929 mouse fibroblast cells cultured in vitro in an agarose overlay assay to assess the toxicity of test substances. The assay may be useful in assessing the irritation potential of test substances (e.g. surfactant-based products) as an alternative to the Draize rabbit eye test. - [Read Agarose Overlay Assay Protocol]
The Allium test provides a rapid screening procedure for chemicals, pollutants contaminants, etc. which may represent environmental hazards. Root growth inhibition and adverse effects upon chromosomes provide an indication of likely toxicity. - [Read Allium Test]
The Allium test provides a rapid screening procedure for chemicals, pollutants contaminants, etc. which may represent environmental hazards. Root growth inhibition and adverse effects upon chromosomes provide an indication of likely toxicity. - [Read Allium Test]
The AMES procedure evaluates the mutagenic potential of test chemicals by their effect on five histidine requiring strains of the bacterium, Salmonella typhimurium in the absence and presence of a rat liver metabolising system. - [Read Ames Test]
Includes Abbreviations, Background, and Procedure steps using BSA. The Bradford protein assay (1) is one of several simple methods commonly used to determine the total protein concentration of a sample. The method is based on the proportional binding of the dye Coomassie to proteins. The assay is colorimetric; as the protein concentration increases, the color of the test sample becomes darker. Coomassie absorbs at 595 nm. - [Read Bradford Protein Concentration Assay]
Human A431 cells and mouse 3T3 cells are exposed in culture to UV light both in the presence and absence of test compound. Phototoxicity is expressed as a decrease in cell viability as determined by the MTT assay. - [Read Cell Culture Phototoxicity Test Protocol]
Freezing gealthy cells (> 95% viable) the protocol obtains a culture 80-90% viable 24 hours after thawing and growing on test vial from step 9. Antisense Research Group - [Read Cell Freezing using Liquid Nitrogen N2]
This CGH Protocol is used for DNA of good quality when available in sufficient amounts. We usually do replicate hybridizations using samples labeled "inversely" (reversing the label for test and normal DNA's). If appreciable artifact occurs, then alternative labels are tried. - [Read CGH of Direct Labeled Test DNA vs Normal DNA Protocol]
The potential cytotoxicity of compounds under hypoxic conditions is determined by exposing cell cultures to test compounds in a low oxygen atmosphere. Subsequent cell survival is determined by the MTT and methylene blue colorimetric assays. - [Read Colorimetric Cytotoxcity Assays for Anchorage Dependent Cells Protocol]
This bioassay utilizes cultured Hepa-lclc7 (Hepa-1) mouse hepatoma cells to assess the CYPlA1-inducing potency or cytotoxicity of pure test chemicals or environmental samples. In the Hepa-l induction test , the CYPlA1-inducing potency of the test sample is detected as increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities. - [Read CYP1A1-Inducing Potency and Cytotoxicity Test in the HEPA-1 Mouse Hepatoma Cell Line]
Deglycosylation steps are different with every glycoprotein and must be determined empirically (Methods in Enzymology, 1994, 230: 44-57). A typical test reaction of human transferrin is described.
T.H. Plummer, Jr. and A.L. Tarentino, Department of Biochemistry, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, Albany, New York - [Read Deglycosylation of Glycoproteins Using Endoglycosidases]
EMBRYONIC STEM CELL TEST (EST). The embryotoxic potential of chemicals is determined by the evaluation of the inhibition of differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ES) and the inhibition of growth of ES and 3T3 cells. Scientific Information Service - [Read EMBRYONIC STEM CELL TEST (EST)]
A set of overlapping synthetic peptides is synthesized, each corresponding to a small segment of the linear sequence of a protein antigen and arrayed on a solid phase. The panel of solid-phase peptides is then probed with a test antibody, and bound antibody is detected using an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody. This method is very rapid and can be extraordinarily successful. - [Read Epitope Mapping Using Synthetic Biotin-Labeled Peptides Protocol]
This bioassay utilises cultured H-4-II-E rat hepatoma cells to assess the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducing potencies of planar aromatic hydrocarbons and/or contaminated environmental samples. The response of the cells to pure test chemicals or extracts of mixtures is compared with their response to the standard 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). - [Read H-4-II-E Rat Hepatoma Cell Bioassay Protocol]
Accumulation of lipophilic substances in the plasma membrane may affect the membrane lipid order and consequently affect the function of these proteins. Changes in the activity of the Na+/K+ -ATPase, which is the major active transport system responsible for the electrochemical potential in mammalian cells, can therefore be an indication of the effect that a chemical may have on the viability of the cell membrane and possibly the whole cell. - [Read Hamster Ovary Cell NA+/K+ -ATPase Test]
This test is designed to detect irreversible toxic effects on both cell growth and survival, by the evaluation of colony-forming (CF) efficiency, in hepatoma cell lines derived from man, rat and mouse. - [Read Hepatoma Cell Cultures as In Vitro Models for Hepatotoxicity]