suitable Protocols

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Cancer Genetics Protocols: Loss of Heterozygosity Protocols

DNA for analysis is purified using salt precipitation. The method is gentle, limits the breakage of the long chromosomal strands, and avoids the use of phenol and chloroform. It is suitable for use with cultured cells, breast tumor tissue that has been subjected to hormone receptor analysis, and blood samples. The loss of heterozygosity assay is performed using a multiplex PCR, in which one of each primer pair is labeled with a different fluorophor. - [Read A Multiplex PCR Method to Define a Narrow Deleted Chromosomal Region of a Tumor Genome]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Genetics Protocols

For analysis of metaphase chromosomes, any tissue containing dividing cells can be used: Root tips from young seedlings, from newly grown roots at the edge of plant pots or hydroponic culture are all suitable. Alternatively, flower buds, anthers, carpels or leaf or apical meristems can be used. Includes metaphase arresting reagents. - [Read Accumulation and Fixation of Plant Metaphase Chromosomes Protocol]

Category: BACs Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Protocols

Protocol presents the amplification of insert end sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome clones using TAIL-PCR. The amplified products are suitable as probes for chromosome walking and genome mapping and as templates for direct sequencing. The protocol has been used in rice genome studies. - [Read Amplification of Insert End Sequences from BACs Clones by Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR]

Category: Reporter Gene Assays: B-Galactosidase Assay Protocols

Method describes how a crude extract is prepared, and the activity is normalized to the amount of protein assayed. This method is particularly suitable for comparing cells that are grown under very different conditions or that have different genetic backgrounds. - [Read Assay of ß-Galactosidase in Yeast: Assay of Crude Extracts]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Genetics Protocols: B-Galactosidase Assay Protocols

Protocol describes how a crude extract is prepared, and the activity is normalized to the amount of protein assayed. This method is particularly suitable for comparing cells that are grown under very different conditions or that have different genetic backgrounds. - [Read Assay of ß-Galactosidase in Yeast: Assay of Crude Extracts Protocol]

Category: Fungi Protocols

Serum concentrations of itraconazole should be measured in patients receiving this drug to ensure that therapeutic concentrations are being achieved. This is necessary as drug absorption can be variable, and levels may be lowered by interactions with other drugs. The assay will give an indication of whether suitable blood levels have been achieved. - [Read Bioassay for Determining Itraconazole Levels in Blood]

Category: PCR Protocols: Bisulfite Conversion Based PCR Protocols

Protocol for bisulfite-PCR for restriction analysis and/or sequencing. Bisulfite-PCR followed by restriction is a rapid and semi-quantitative method of analyzing DNA methylation.  The PCR products are also suitable for either direct sequencing or cloning and sequencing.  The most important step here is primer selection. - [Read Bisulfite-PCR for Restriction Analysis and/or Sequencing Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) exploits a molecule’s affinity for chelated metal ions.  The amino acid histidine present in many proteins forms complexes with transition metal ions such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Fe3+.  Chelating Sepharose™ Fast Flow with a suitable immobilized metal ion will therefore selectively retain proteins with exposed histidine. - [Read Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow Protocol]

Category: Immunology: Immunofluorescence Protocols: Immunofluorescence Staining Protocols

Protocol for double immunofluorescence staining for BCL-6. Any type of tissue is suitable for this technique, as long as the antigenicity for your antigen(s) is preserved. Includes: unfixed or acetone-fixed specimens; dewaxed, antigen retrieved slides. - [Read Double Immunofluorescence Staining for BCL-6 Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols

Glass is an excellent substrate for most tissue-culture-adapted cells and is compatible with all fixing and staining solutions. Glass coverslips in tissue-culture dishes or in 24-well multiwell plates are suitable carriers, as are multiwell slides. For high-resolution studies, choose glass coverslips of the highest available grade; #1 or #1.5 coverslips are the appropriate thickness. - [Read Growing Adherent Cells on Coverslips or Multiwell Slides Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Genetics Protocols: YACs Protocols

Protocol describes methods for isolation of DNA from a strain of S. cerevisiae carrying a recombinant YAC. Because the linear YAC DNAs are sensitive to shearing forces, pipettes with wide-bore tips should be used to transfer DNAs. The method is suitable for preparing DNA that will be used for agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, subcloning, genomic library construction, PCR, or other methods that do not require intact high-molecular-weight DNA. - [Read Growth of S. cerevisiae and Preparation of DNA Protocol]

Category: Immunology: Immunoprecipitation Protocols

For many sources of antigens, one useful method of lysis is to treat cells with harsh, denaturing solutions to release most of the protein antigens, as described here. The lysates are then diluted to reduce the denaturing conditions to levels that are suitable for the formation of antibody-antigen complexes. The resulting solution is precleared prior to immunoprecipitation. - [Read Immunoprecipitation: Denaturing Lysis Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

This protocol introduces a method for maintaining mammalian cell culture suitable for treatment with siRNA. Transfection of cultured cells with siRNAs (see Transfection of siRNA Duplexes into Mammalian Cells) and downstream analysis of the knockdown cells. - [Read Mammalian Cell Culture and Preparation of Cells for RNAi in 24-Well Plates Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols: RNAi Mammalian Cells Protocols

Protocol introduces a method for maintaining mammalian cell culture suitable for treatment with siRNA.  Transfection of cultured cells with siRNAs and downstream analysis of the knockdown cells. - [Read Mammalian Cell Culture and Preparation of Cells for RNAi in 24-Well Plates Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: PCR Cloning Protocols

The efficiency of direct cloning of PCR products can be improved by generating suitable ends on the amplified fragments.  This protocol describes the strategies for generating and manipulating suitable ends on the PCR fragments. - [Read Molecular Cloning of PCR Products Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Fixing Protocols

Mounting media for immunohistology must be compatible with the detection method used. A suitable non-aqueous mounting medium is DPX. - [Read Mounting Samples in DPX Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Fixing Protocols

Mounting media for immunohistology must be compatible with the detection method used. Suitable aqueous media are made from Gelvatol or Mowiol. - [Read Mounting Samples in Gelvatol or Mowiol Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant DNA RNA Isolation Protocols

One step extraction for isolation of plant DNA. DNA suitable for amplification by PCR can be produced from leaf material smaller than 0.3 mm2 in less than 20 min & no tube changes. Method was tested on several plant species. Method was found to extract DNA that could be amplified without any further purification or treatment. The isolated DNA was amplified using a universal chloroplast primer set. The method was validated by comparing size of PCR products generated using standard DNA isolation. - [Read One-Step Isolation of Plant DNA Suitable for PCR Amplification]

Category: Bacteria Transformation Protocols

Protocol reproducibly generates competent cultures of E. coli that yield 1 x 108 to 3 x 108 transformed colonies/µg of plasmid DNA. The protocol works optimally when the bacterial culture is grown at 18°C. If a suitable incubator is not available, a standard bacterial shaker can be set up in a 4°C cold room and regulated to 18°C. - [Read Preparation and Transformation of Competent E. Coli: "Ultra-Competent" Cells Protocol]

Category: E Coli Protocols: E coli Transformation Protocols

Protocol reproducibly generates competent cultures of E. coli that yield 1 x 108 to 3 x 108 transformed colonies/µg of plasmid DNA. The protocol works optimally when the bacterial culture is grown at 18°C. If a suitable incubator is not available, a standard bacterial shaker can be set up in a 4°C cold room and regulated to 18°C. - [Read Preparation and Transformation of Competent E. Coli: "Ultra-Competent" Cells Protocol]

Category: Avian Bird Protocols

Protocol describes the production of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from fragments of cDNAs of candidate genes. The cDNA fragments must be cloned in plasmids with a flanking SP6 and T7 promoter (e.g., pSP72 or pCRII). The plasmid is linearized and sense and antisense RNAs are produced separately by in vitro transcription. After purification, the RNA strands are annealed to yield a dsRNA molecule suitable for RNAi in avian embryos. - [Read Production of dsRNA for RNAi in Avian Embryos Protocol]

Category: Fungi Protocols

Serum concentrations of voriconazole should be measured in patients receiving this drug to ensure that therapeutic levels are being achieved. The assay will give an indication of whether suitable blood levels have been achieved. - [Read Protocol: Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Levels in Blood]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) is suitable for the purification of proteins under denaturing conditions.  Either guanidine-HCl or urea can be used, although guanidine-HCl is a stronger denaturant than urea.  Proteins that have been adsorbed to the column in the presence of guanidine-binding buffer may be washed with urea-binding buffer and eluted with urea elution buffer. - [Read Purification of Histidine-Tagged Proteins under Denaturing Conditions Using IMAC Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Plasmid Preps Protocols

Protocol for quick DNA plasmid prep. This is a very fast mini-prep protocol which is suitable for sequence analysis and restriction digests. - [Read Quick DNA Plasmid Prep. Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Lamda Manipulation Protocols

Protocol is used to purify small amounts of bacteriophage {lambda} DNA that are suitable for use as substrates for restriction enzymes and templates for DNA and RNA polymerases. - [Read Rapid Analysis of Bacteriophage lambda Isolates: Purification of lambda DNA from Plate Lysates]