standard Protocols

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Quantitation Concentration Protocols

Absorbance assays are fast and convenient, since no additional reagents or incubations are required.  No protein standard need be prepared.  The assay does not consume the protein.  The relationship of absorbance to protein concentration is linear.  Because different proteins and nucleic acids have widely varying absorption characteristics there may be considerable error, especially for unknowns or protein mixtures. - [Read Absorbance Assay 280 nm]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Flow Cytometry Calibration Protocols

Flow cytometers must be calibrated prior to fluorescence intensity measurements because of inherent instrument variability. To correct for this variability, a standard particle (fixed chicken red blood cells, or CRBCs) must be analyzed on the instrument prior to each experiment and photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages adjusted accordingly to place the CRBC fluorescence emission peaks into predetermined target channels. - [Read Calibration of Becton Dickinson Flow Cytometers for Relative Fluorescence Intensity Measurements]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Cell Sorting Protocols

The combination of prospective identification/isolation of bone marrow progenitors and quantitative RT-PCR is a powerful tool to understand the molecular mechanism underlying hematopoiesis. Describes the standard procedures of the murine myeloid progenitor staining for fluorescence activated cells sorting (FACS) and RNA purification methods. - [Read Cell Staining for Sorting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) and Myeloid Progenitors]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols

The combination of prospective identification/isolation of bone marrow progenitors and quantitative RT-PCR is a powerful tool to understand the molecular mechanism underlying hematopoiesis. Here, we described our standard procedures of the murine myeloid progenitor staining for fluorescence activated cells sorting (FACS) and RNA purification methods. - [Read Cell Staining for Sorting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Myeloid Progenitors and Isolating RNA]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: M13 Phage Manipulation Protocols

Protocol describes three standard methods to construct bacteriophage M13 recombinants: (1) ligating insert DNA to a linearized vector, prepared by cleavage of M13 RF with a single restriction enzyme; (2) using alkaline phosphatase to suppress self-ligation of the linearized vector, and (3) using M13 RF cleaved with two restriction enzymes for directional cloning. - [Read Cloning into Bacteriophage M13 Vectors Protocol]

Category: RNA Protocols: RT-PCR and cDNA synthesis

Protocol for Competitive RT-PCR.For quantifying mRNA, we use a competitive RT-PCR protocol with internal standard RNAs. These are added in a defined quantity to the RNA sample prior to the RT reaction. The resulting standard cDNA is coamplified with the s - [Read Competitive RT-PCR Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Plasmid Preps Protocols

Protocol for CsCl prep of plasmid DNA. This is a standard large scale prep.  For plasmid DNA which gives a yield of 0.5 1.0 mg. - [Read CsCl Prep of Plasmid DNA Protocol]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Fungi Genetics Protocols

Standard operating procedure for the determination of tissue fungal burden utilizing quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). This standard operating procedure will provide information on how to assess fungal tissue burden of infected animals by use of a single copy (FKS) or multicopy gene (18s RNA) to assess the number of fungal cell nuclei present. - [Read Determination of Tissue Fungal Burden Utilizing Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction]

Category: BACs Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Protocols

Rapid alkaline lysis miniprep method for isolating DNA from large PAC clones. It is a modification of a standard Qiagen-Tip method that uses no organic extractions or columns. The method works very well for doing analytical restriction digests of PAC clones and can be scaled up if necessary. - [Read DNA Isolation From BAC & PAC Clones Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols

This is a rapid alkaline lysis miniprep method for isolating DNA from large PAC clones.  It is a modification of a standard Qiagen-Tip method that uses no organic extractions or columns.  The method works very well for doing analytical restriction digests of PAC clones and can be scaled up if necessary. - [Read DNA Isolation From BAC & PAC Clones Protocol]

Category: Microinjection Protocols: Microinjection of DNA Protocols

For microinjection into cells, high-quality plasmid DNA is purified using standard procedures. The resulting preparation is then delivered into the microinjection needle by either a back-filling or a forward-filling approach. - [Read DNA Preparation and Needle Loading for Gene Delivery by Microinjection Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols

Protocol should be viewed as a starting point for systematic optimization of transfection mediated by lipofecting agents. Once a positive signal has been obtained from a transfected plasmid carrying a standard reporter gene, optimal conditions for transfection can be established by systematic variation of parameters such as the initial cell density, the amount and purity of DNA, the media and serum, and the time of exposure of the cells to the cationic-lipid-DNA complex. - [Read DNA Transfection Mediated by Lipofection Protocol]

Category: Molecular Imaging: Electron Microscopy Protocols

Electron Microscopy Protocols ... Chemical Fixation Protocol for Suspension-Cultured Plant Cells for TEM; Standard Glutaraldehyde Fixation for TEM of Animal ...Electron Microscopy Protocols. UBC BioImaging Facility - Bio-Rad Radiance Plus Confocal Microscope - Starting Up, page 1 - [Read Electron Microscopy Protocols]

Category: Molecular Imaging: Electron Microscopy Protocols

Electron Microscopy Protocols. LTP Physiology Protocol. Solutions. Standard ACSF is (in mM) NaCl, 117; KCl, 5.3; MgSO4, 1.3; NaH2PO4, 1; NaHCO3, 26; ... Electron Microscopy Protocols - [Read Electron Microscopy Protocols detailed]

Category: PCR Protocols: PCR Optimization

Method for amplifying DNA enzymatically by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including procedures to quickly determine conditions for successful amplification of the sequence and primer sets of interest, and to optimize for specificity, sensitivity, and yield.  The first step of PCR simply entails mixing template DNA, two appropriate oligonucleotide primers, Taq or other thermostable DNA polymerases, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), and a buffer. - [Read Enzymatic Amplification of DNA by PCR: Standard Procedures and Optimization Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols

Protocol for estimating the number of CD38 molecules on the CD8+ T lymphocytes of HIV-infected individuals. Includes: RECOMMENDATION OF VENDOR FOR PE-CD38 AND PE-CD4; VALIDATION OF LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER LINEARITY AND SENSITIVITY; CONSERVATION OF THE LEVEL OF CD4 ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES AND ITS USE AS A BIOLOGIC STANDARD FOR FLOW CYTOMETER INSTRUMENT CHARACTERIZATION; DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER OF CD38 MOLECULES PER CD8+ CELL; etc.. - [Read Estimating the Number of CD38 Molecules on the CD8+ T Lymphocytes of HIV-Infected Individuals]

Category: Bacterial Cell Culture Protocols: Bacterial Cell Culture Media Protocols

This protocol has been used successfully to 15N or 13C/15N label our proteins using our pET1120/BL21(DE3) expression system: Preparing M9 minimal media begins with preparing a 5x stock solution of M9 salts. Generally, M9 salts contain a nitrogen source in the form of NH4Cl. Since we want to add a labeled nitrogen source, our 5x salts are prepared minus NH4Cl. Standard 5 X M9 Minimal Media salts minus nitrogen source For 1L 5xM9 salts: - [Read Expression Protocol in M9 Minimal Media via T7 Promoter]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH Protocol

Protocol for fluorescence in situ hybridization of a repetitive DNA probe to human chromosomes in suspension. Hybridization technique which does not need formamide and dextran sulfate. As a model system, we used the repetitive specific human DNA probe pUC 1.77, labeled it with digoxigenin-11-dUTP by nick-translation, and hybridized it to metaphase chromosomes in suspension. These chromosomes were isolated by standard techniques from human lymphocytes. - [Read Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of a Repetitive DNA Probe to Human Chromosomes in Suspension]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Liver Toxicity Assays Protocols

This bioassay utilises cultured H-4-II-E rat hepatoma cells to assess the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducing potencies of planar aromatic hydrocarbons and/or contaminated environmental samples.  The response of the cells to pure test chemicals or extracts of mixtures is compared with their response to the standard 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). - [Read H-4-II-E Rat Hepatoma Cell Bioassay Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: Genomic DNA Library Protocols

Standard techniques are used here to isolate cytoplasmic RNA from COS cells transfected with a library of recombinant plasmids containing the genomic DNA of interest. - [Read Harvesting the mRNA for Exon Trapping and Amplification]

Category: Molecular Imaging

ImageJ - Image Processing and Analysis in Java. Useful program for MacOs MacosX and PC. Analysis includes: Measure area, mean, standard deviation, min and max of selection or entire image. Measure lengths and angles. Use real world measurement units s - [Read ImageJ - Image Processing and Analysis in Java]

Category: Western Blot Protocols

Protein immunoprecipitation can be a useful preparative step for immunoblotting.  For very rare proteins, the protein of interest can be purified and concentrated by standard immunoprecipitation techniques before immunoblotting.  In addition, protein-protein interactions can be tested with an immunoprecipitating antibody that is specific for one protein of a complex and an immunoblotting antibody that is specific for a second member of the complex. - [Read Immunoblotting: Preparing Immunoprecipitated Proteins Protocol]

Category: Western Blot Protocols: General Western Blot Methods Protocols

Protocol describes how proteins are mixed with a sample buffer and prepared for electrophoresis on standard Tris/glycine SDS-polyacrylamide gels. - [Read Immunoblotting: Preparing Protein Solutions Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Arabidopsis Genetics Protocols

Protocol for the isolation of Arabidopsis nuclei and measurement of gene transcription rates using nuclear run-on assays. Plant materials are ground in hexylene glycol-based buffers and highly enriched nuclear fractions are obtained using Percoll density gradients. Standard and small-scale protocols are presented, along with a tested method for nuclear run-on assays. The entire process may be completed within 3 days. - [Read Isolation of Arabidopsis Nuclei and Measurement of Gene Transcription Rates Protocol]

Category: BACs Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Protocols

BAC DNAs are prepared from 5-ml cultures of BAC-transformed cells by a modification of the standard alkaline lysis method (Preparation of Plasmid DNA by Alkaline Lysis with SDS: Minipreparation). The yield typically varies between 0.1 and 0.4 µg of BAC DNA. - [Read Isolation of BAC DNA from Small-scale Cultures Protocol]