species Protocols

Category: Molecular Biology Protocols: Carbohydrate Protocols

Solvent partition protocol allows the isolation of gangliosides from small samples and from samples where ganglioside concentrations are low, especially relative to the concentration of potentially contaminating proteins and other large molecular weight species. Stephan Ladisch Director, Center for Cancer and Transplant Biology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C. - [Read A Method for Micro-Scale Isolation and Purification of Gangliosides]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immunoaffinity Chromatography Protocols

Antibody Purification (Antiserum or Ascites by Protein A/G Chromatography). Species and Type of Antibody Agarose Rabbit IgG Protein A or Protein G Mouse IgG1 Protein G Mouse IgG2 Protein A or Protein G Mouse IgG3 Protein G Sheep IgG Protein G but binds weakly Rat IgG Protein G but binds weakly Guinea Pig IgG Protein A Dog IgG Protein A Goat IgG Protein G Pig IgG Protein A Hamster IgG Protein G. By Millipore. - [Read Affinity Antibody Purification of Protein A/G Chromatography]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol used to study secretion of proteins and prostaglandins by endometrium from the cow, ewe, mare, bitch and other species. The technique is also useful for culture of peri-implantation conceptuses and placental tissues for metabolic labelling studies and to obtain conceptus secretory proteins for biological studies.The medium used is called Pig MEM, which is a modified minimum essential medium supplemented with non-essential amino acids, vitamins, insulin and additional glucose. - [Read Culture of Endometrial Explants and Peri-implantation Conceptuses to Monitor Synthesis and Secretion]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Live-Cell Imaging Protocols

When choosing a particular molecule for photoactivation studies, it is necessary to have some structural knowledge of the molecule in order to design an appropriately caged species that will retain its biological inactivity until uncaging is effected. Includes synthesis of caged peptides or proteins. - [Read Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Caged Compounds]

Category: Microinjection Protocols: Microinjection of Proteins Protocols

When choosing a particular molecule for photoactivation studies, it is necessary to have some structural knowledge of the molecule in order to design an appropriately caged species that will retain its biological inactivity until uncaging is effected. - [Read Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Caged Compounds Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Laser Capture Microdissection Protocols

Three Ambion kits were used to quantitate specific miRNAs and to detect differential miRNA expression in various mouse brain regions and cell types isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM). These techniques can be applied to studying miRNA in other species, tissues, and cell types. Includes: Obtain Laser Capture Microdissected Samples; Isolate miRNA from LCM Samples; Quantitate miRNA by qRT-PCR. - [Read Detect and Quantitate MicroRNA in Laser Capture Microdissection Samples]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant DNA RNA Isolation Protocols

The original maize DNA miniprep protocol is used extensively for many plant species and different tissues. This slightly modified version is acceptable for most DNA extractions. The procedure has the advantage of isolating DNA from plant material very rapidly. The procedure requires a table-top drill-press (mechanized homogenizer). - [Read DNA Microprep Isolation from Plants Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant DNA RNA Isolation Protocols

The original maize DNA miniprep protocol is used extensively for many plant species and different tissues. This slightly modified version is acceptable for most DNA extractions. The procedure has the advantage of speed and its use of inexpensive reagents. - [Read DNA Miniprep Isolation from Plants Protocol]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray Chip Protocols

Dnase-chip: A High Resolution Method to Identify DnaseI Hypersensitive Sites using Tiled Microarrays. This method can be applied globally or in a targeted fashion to any tissue from any species with a sequenced genome. - [Read Dnase-chip Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Proteins, Peptides and Antigens

Protocol describes a method for performing isoelectric fractionation of a maize embryo sample using a multicompartment electrolyzer(MCE). This prefractionation of proteins having pIs within a certain pH interval is essential for allowing high loads of protein to be resolved on narrow and ultra-narrow immobilized pH gradients used in 2D electrophoresis. The isoelectric membranes in the MCE act like isoelectric traps capturing all the protein species having pIs encompassing the pI value of each... - [Read Fractionation of Maize Embryo Proteins for 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Using Multicompartment Electrolyz]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Extraction Protocols

DNA isolation from various fungal species including: Cochliobolus, Aternaria, and Fusarium. Key steps: (1) the use of young lyophilized mycelial mats - yield less contaminating carbohydrates; (2) proteinase K in the extraction buffer to destroy DNases (f - [Read Fungal DNA Isolation Method]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Neurospora Protocols

Information and tips on how to determine the species of a wild-collected isolate. - [Read How to Determine the Species of a Wild-Collected Isolate]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Neurospora Protocols

Information and tips on how to introgress genes from one species to another. - [Read How to Introgress Genes From one Species to Another]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Immortalization Protocols

Cultivating animal cells in the laboratory is an indispensable technique for cell biologists. However, most normal primary cell lines, while faithfully reproducing the phenotype of their tissue of origin, do not grow indefinitely in culture. After a series of population doublings (the number of which varies by species, cell type, and culture conditions) primary cells enter a state where they no longer divide. - [Read Immortalization of Cells in Culture]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Genetics Protocols

To accurately predict the activity of a transgene it is critical to understand its location and dynamics in the 3-D interphase nucleus. Developed in situ methods to visualize transgenes (including single copy genes) & their transcripts during interphase from different tissues & plant species. These techniques reduce the time necessary for characterization of transgene integration by eliminating the need for time-consuming segregation analysis and extend characterization to the interphase nucleus - [Read In Situ Methods to Localize Transgenes and Transcripts in Interphase Nuclei]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols: In Situ Hybridization Protocols

In situ methods to visualize transgenes (including single copy genes) and their transcripts during interphase from different tissues and plant species. These techniques reduce the time necessary for characterization of transgene integration by eliminating the need for time-consuming segregation analysis, and extend characterization to the interphase nucleus, thus increasing the likelihood of accurate prediction of transgene activity. - [Read In Situ Methods to Localize Transgenes and Transcripts in Interphase Nuclei]

Category: Antibody Protocols: Antibody Labeling Protocols

Direct labeling of purified antibodies is the method of choice when simultaneously visualizing two or more antibodies of the same species, class, or subclass. This allows the localization of multiple antigens to be compared in the same cell, tissue, or sample. Labeled primary antibodies are also useful for improving background-to-readout ratios, and they can be essential for immunoassays in which good quantification is needed. - [Read Labeling Antibodies with Fluorochromes Protocol]

Category: Western Blot Protocols: Antigen Detection Methods Protocols

Protocol describes, samples containing the target protein are deposited onto a polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF) membrane using a vacuum manifold.  The immobilized protein is exposed to an antibody specific for the target protein, followed by an antibody that reacts with species-specific determinants carried by the primary antibody and is conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). - [Read Measuring Protein Concentration by Western Analysis Using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Detection]

Category: Nucleic Acid Modification Protocols: DIG Biotin Labeled Probes Protocols

Protocol for nonradioactive in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes with a DIG-labeled DNA probe. Includes: Labeling the hybridization probe; Preparation and denaturation of polytene chromosomes from Drosophila, Chironomus, or other species; Hybridization and detection. - [Read Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization to Polytene Chromosomes With a DIG-Labeled DNA Probe Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant DNA RNA Isolation Protocols

One step extraction for isolation of plant DNA. DNA suitable for amplification by PCR can be produced from leaf material smaller than 0.3 mm2 in less than 20 min & no tube changes. Method was tested on several plant species. Method was found to extract DNA that could be amplified without any further purification or treatment. The isolated DNA was amplified using a universal chloroplast primer set. The method was validated by comparing size of PCR products generated using standard DNA isolation. - [Read One-Step Isolation of Plant DNA Suitable for PCR Amplification]

Category: Animal Research Techniques

Legal responsibilities, Recognition and treatment of pain, Anesthetic monitoring, stages and planes of general anesthesia, injecting, inhalation, species-specific, anesthetic emergencies, controlled substances. Marilyn J. Brown UCSB - [Read Principles of Anesthesia and Analgesia: ESSENTIALS FOR ANIMAL RESEARCH]

Category: Cell Organelle Protocols: Nucleus Protocols

A simplified and efficient protocol for nonradioactive in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes with a DIG-labeled DNA probe. Includes: Labeling the hybridization probe; Preparation and denaturation of polytene chromosomes from Drosophila, Chironomus, or other species; Hybridization and detection; - [Read Protocol for Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization to Polytene Chromosomes With DIG-labeled DNA Prob]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols: DIG Biotin Labeled Probe Protocols

The protocol given makes the method of in situ hybridization easier, faster, more reliable, and available to anyone who can operate a microscope. Includes: Labeling the hybridization probe; Preparation and denaturation of polytene chromosomes from Drosophila, Chironomus, or other species; Hybridization and detection. - [Read Protocol for Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization to Polytene Chromosomes with a DIG-labeled DNA]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Aspergillus Protocols

RAPD is a procedure for typing and fingerprinting isolates of a species. It can be used for epidemiological studies, such as investigations into hospital outbreaks and as a laboratory aid to keep track of cultures and to verify that mutants generated in the laboratory are genetically identical to the parental strain. In our hands, the use of one primer, R108, is sufficiently discriminatory to distinguish between the isolates of different strains. - [Read Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Typing and Fingerprinting Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Genetics Protocols

The study of transient gene expression provides a useful complement to the study of stably transformed plants. Transient assays offer a quick method of testing the effects of genes, using either phenotypic, molecular, or biochemical readouts. Transient assays based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf explants have been described for other plant species, but it is not known how well these assays work in Arabidopsis. - [Read Transient Expression in Protoplasts]