signaling Protocols

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

The method chosen for measuring the content of cyclic adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) in splenic B lymphocytes (B cells) is an enzymelinked immunoassay system. Includes: Treatment of Cells and Preparation of Extracts. - [Read Preparation of B-Lymphocyte Lysates for Cyclic AMP Determination for Dual Ligand Screen Protocol]

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

Procedure permits the isolation of at least 5 µg of total RNA from a sample of purified mouse splenic B lymphocytes. The quality of the RNA is assessed by separation of an aliquot through 1% agarose and staining with ethidium bromide as described in AfCS protocol Visualization of RNA Preparations on 1% Agarose Gels. The isolated RNA is used for analysis of gene expression by microarray technology. analysis of gene expression by microarray technology. - [Read Preparation of B-Lymphocyte RNA for Microarray Analysis Protocol]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray Analysis Protocols

Protocol permits the isolation of at least 5 µg of total RNA from a sample of purified mouse splenic B lymphocytes Isolation of Resting B Lymphocytes from Sixteen Mouse Spleens. - [Read Preparation of B-Lymphocyte RNA for Microarray Analysis Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Lines Protocols

Protocol for the preparation of frozen stocks of RAW 264.7 cells. Includes: Freezing procedure and reagents. - [Read Preparation of Frozen Stocks of RAW 264.7 Cells]

Category: Signalling Signal Transduction Protocols

Protocol provides a method for acheiving a sufficient sample for several determinations of cAMP. The protocol described for measuring the content of cyclic adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) in cardiac myocytes is an enzyme-linked immunoassay system. Protocol includes information on: Treatment of Cells and Preparation of Extracts; Use of Environmental Chamber; Reagents and Materials. - [Read Preparation of Myocyte Lysates for Cyclic AMP Determination]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray Analysis Protocols

Protocol permits the isolation of at least 3 µg of total RNA from approximately 150,000 cultured cardiac myocytes from adult mice. Includes: Treatment of Samples and Termination of Reactions; Isolation of RNA; Use of Environmental Chamber. - [Read Preparation of Myocyte RNA for Microarray Analysis Protocol]

Category: Signalling Signal Transduction Protocols

The protocol provides a method to achieve a sample sufficient for one determination of cAMP using the acetylation protocol. The protocol describes the method used for measuring the content of cyclic adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) in RAW 264.7 cells using an enzyme-linked immunoassay system. Information included in the protocol: Treatment of Cells and Preparation of Extracts; Reagents and Materials. - [Read Preparation of RAW 264.7 Lysates for Cyclic AMP Determination]

Category: Signalling Signal Transduction Protocols

Protocol demonstrates that reactive astrocytes play a crucial role in wound healing and functional recovery by using mice with a selective deletion of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) or suppression of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) under the control of Nestin gene promoter/enhancer (STAT3N–/–, SOCS3N–/–). Procedure includes: Surgical procedures, Functional evaluation, Immunohistochemistry, In vitro migration assay. - [Read Protocol for Conditional Ablation of stat3/socs3 Discloses the Dual Role for Reactive Astrocytes]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Confocal Microscopy Protocols

Protocol describes the acquisition of confocal fluorescent and bright field images of live cells, expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and/or yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), with a spinning disk confocal head on a Zeiss Axiovert 200 M microscope. Protocol includes: Description of Microscope and Imaging Setup; Description of Acquisition Parameters; Image Processing; Movie Processing. - [Read Protocol for Live Cell Spinning Disk Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Cells on a Zeiss]

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

The water soluble, DNA intercalator, propidium iodide (PI), is used to bind to DNA after permeabilization of cells with NP40. The amount of dye bound correlates with the content of DNA within a given cell. Once cells are stained, they are analyzed on a flow cytometer. The relative content of DNA indicates the distribution of a population of cells throughout the cell cycle. - [Read Quantification of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Distribution of Primary B Cells Using Propidium Iodide]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Apoptosis Cytometry Protocols

The water soluble, DNA intercalator, propidium iodide (PI), is used to bind to DNA after permeabilization of cells with NP40. The amount of dye bound correlates with the content of DNA within a given cell. Once cells are stained, they are analyzed on a flow cytometer. The relative content of DNA indicates the distribution of a population of cells throughout the cell cycle. - [Read Quantification of Apoptosis and the Cell Cycle Distribution of Primary B Cells Using PI]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols

Protocol Involves the transfection of siRNA into RAW 264. 7 cells using Lipofectamine 2000.  Cells are transfected with siRNA twice (on subsequent days).  Target gene knockdown is assessed from total RNA isolated 48 hr post-transfection or from protein isolated 72 hr post-transfection. - [Read siRNA Double Transfection of RAW 264.7 Cells with Lipofectamine Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols

Protocol Involves the transfection of siRNA into RAW 264. 7 cells using Lipofectamine 2000.  Cells are transfected with siRNA twice (on subsequent days).  Target gene knockdown is assessed from total RNA isolated 48 hr post-transfection or from protein isolated 72 hr post-transfection. - [Read siRNA Double Transfection of RAW 264.7 Cells with Lipofectamine Protocol II]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Precipitation Procols

A protein precipitation procedure used to precipitate protein from cell lysates. Allows for optimal protein recovery and accurate assays. The Signaling Gateway - [Read TCA/Acetone Precipitation (Large Scale) PDF]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Lines Protocols

Protocol for the thaw procedure for RAW 264.7 cells. Includes: Thaw procedure and reagents and materials. - [Read Thaw Procedure for RAW 264.7 Cells]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray Hybridization Protocols

Protocol details the preparation of fluorescently labeled target samples and hybridization of these samples to a microarray of Agilent inkjet-deposited cDNAs.  The procedure requires a minimum of 5 mg of purified total RNA as starting material. Includes: First Strand cDNA Synthesis; Second Strand cDNA Synthesis; cDNA Cleanup and Precipitation; In vitro Transcription; Cleanup and Quantification of in vitro Transcribed RNA; Fluorescent Labeling of the Target Samples. - [Read Transcript Profiling by Microarray Analysis Protocol.]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray DNA Labeling Protocols

Protocol details the preparation of fluorescently labeled target samples and hybridization of these samples to a microarray of Agilent inkjet-deposited cDNAs. The procedure requires a minimum of 5 mg of purified total RNA as starting material. - [Read Transcript Profiling by Microarray Analysis—Agilent Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols

The following procedure is for simultaneous transfection and plating of RAW 264.7 cells. This protocol results in approximately 50% to 70% cell viability, and of those viable cells, 20% to 40% are transfected when using pEYFP-N1 from Clontech. Include: Procedure for Splitting Cells before Transfection; Procedure for Preparing Lipofectamine 2000 and DNA; Preparation of RAW 264.7 Cells for Transfection. - [Read Transfecting and Plating RAW 264.7 Cells with Lipofectamine 2000 Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Protocols: RNA Electrophoresis Protocols

Method is used to assess (roughly) the integrity of total RNA samples by visualization of discreet 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs.  Total RNA is separated by electrophoresis through a 1% agarose gel containing 1.3 ìM ethidium bromide.  Binding of the ethidium bromide to the RNA allows visualization of the separated RNA molecules when the gel is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. - [Read Visualization of RNA Preparations on 1% Agarose Gels Protocol]