This protocol describes how to use DIG Chem-Link to directly label any DNA [e.g. plasmids, PCR products, cDNA prepared
from mRNA] or RNA (e.g. total RNA, poly(A)+ mMRNA). The
DIG Chem-Link or Biotin Chem-Link may also be used to label oligonucleotides. Includes: Required Purity of DIG Chem-Link Templates; Direct DIG Labeling of mRNA or cDNA with DIG Chem-Link; Key Product Required for Direct Labeling of DNA or RNA; Estimating the Yield of DIG-labeled Nucleic Acids. - [Read Chem-Link Labeling of DNA or RNA with DIG or Biotin Protocol]
Choosing the right labeling method for your hybridization experiment. Includes: Homogeneous labeling methods for DNA; Homogeneous labeling methods for RNA; Stability of probe-target interaction; Nonradioactive labeling of oligonucleotides; Double-stranded versus single-stranded probes. - [Read Choosing the Right Labeling Method for your Hybridization Experiment]
Protocol for combined DNA in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry for the simultaneous detection of nucleic acid sequences, proteins, and incorporated BrdU in cell preparations. Includes: Cell preparations and BrdU labeling; Detection of antigen by immunocytochemistry (ICC); Visualization of ICC antigen; -Gal-BCIG reaction (for producing a blue precipitate visible under brightfield microscopy); Cell processing for in situ hybridization; In situ hybridization (ISH); etc... - [Read Combined DNA In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemistry Protocol]
The following protocol can be used for the development of stable cell lines expressing GFP fusion proteins. Although optimal transfection procedures (e.g., calcium phosphate, electroporation, or FuGENE 6 [Roche Applied Science]) vary depending on cell type, this general transfection procedure has been successful for stable transfection of HeLa, A-431, U2OS, BHK, and HT1080 cells. - [Read Constructing and Expressing GFP Fusion Proteins]
Protocol for detection of even-skipped transcripts in drosophila embryos with PCR/DIG-labeled DNA probes. This protocol has been used to detect the transcript distribution of a number of genes by in situ hybridization, including evenskipped and seven-up, in whole mount Drosophila
embryos, and engrailed Antennapedia in whole mount grasshopper embryos. Includes: Probe labeling; Evaluation of labeling reaction; Preparation of embryos, hybridization and detection.
- [Read Detection of Even-Skipped Transcripts in Drosophila Embryos with PCR/DIG-Labeled DNA Probes Protocol]
Protocol for detection of mRNAs on cryosections of the cardiovascular system using DIG-labeled RNA probes. Protocol was optimized from a protocol using 35S-labeled RNA probes. It allows to detect the expression of low abundant mRNAs in the cardiovascular system, e.g. of the proinflammatory cytokine GM-CSF in normal human coronary arteries, and of IL6 and gp130 in human failing hearts. The protocol can be combined with immunohistochemistry. - [Read Detection of mRNAs on Cryosections of the Cardiovascular System Using DIG-Labeled RNA Probes]
Protocol describes here a high sensitivity indirect detection procedure for DIG-labeled hybridization probes. The procedure uses the components of the HNPP Fluorescent Detection Set to form a fluorescent precipitate of HNPP (2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid-2’-phenylanilide phosphate) and Fast Red TR at the site of hybridization. Includes: In situ hybridization with DIG-labeled probes; Detection of DIG-labeled probes; Fluorescence microscopy. - [Read DNA In Situ Hybridization with an Alkaline Phosphatase-Based Fluorescent Detection System]
Protocol describes a high sensitivity indirect detection procedure for DIG-labeled hybridization probes. The procedure uses the components of the HNPP Fluorescent Detection Set to form a fluorescent precipitate of HNPP (2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid-2’-phenylanilide phosphate) and Fast Red TR at the site of hybridization. This procedure can be used to detect single copy sequences as small as 1 kb on human metaphase chromosomes. - [Read DNA In Situ Hybridization with an Alkaline Phosphatase-Based Fluorescent Detection System Protocol]
Protocol for fluorescence in situ hybridization of a repetitive DNA probe to human chromosomes in suspension. Hybridization technique which does not need formamide and dextran sulfate. As a model system, we used the repetitive
specific human DNA probe pUC 1.77, labeled it with digoxigenin-11-dUTP by nick-translation, and hybridized it to
metaphase chromosomes in suspension. These chromosomes were isolated by standard techniques from human lymphocytes. - [Read Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of a Repetitive DNA Probe to Human Chromosomes in Suspension]
Protocol for the identification of single bacterial cells using DIG-labeled oligonucleotides. Includes: Organisms and growth conditions; Cell fixation and preparation of cell smears; DIG labeling of oligonucleotides with DIG-ddUTP; In situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides; Detection of DIG-labeled oligonucleotides with fluorescently labeled anti-DIG Fab fragments; Detection of DIG-labeled oligonucleotide. - [Read Identification of Single Bacterial Cells using DIG-Labeled Oligonucleotides Protocol]
Protocol for identification of single bacterial cells using DIG-labeled oligonucleotides. Includes: Organisms and growth conditions; Cell fixation and preparation of cell smears; DIG labeling of oligonucleotides with DIG-ddUTP; In situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides. - [Read Identification of Single Bacterial Cells Using DIG-Labeled Oligonucleotides Protocol]
Protocol for In situ hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes using DIG-, biotin-, or fluorochrome-labeled DNA probes and detection with fluorochrome conjugates. Includes: Pretreatment of metaphase spreads on slides; Denaturation and hybridization; Single color fluorescent detection with immunological amplification; Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (Multicolor FISH); Results obtained with human metaphase chromosome spreads. - [Read In Situ Hybridization to Human Metaphase Chromosomes using DIG-, Biotin- or Fluorochrome-Labeled DNA]