region Protocols

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Cancer Genetics Protocols: Loss of Heterozygosity Protocols

DNA for analysis is purified using salt precipitation. The method is gentle, limits the breakage of the long chromosomal strands, and avoids the use of phenol and chloroform. It is suitable for use with cultured cells, breast tumor tissue that has been subjected to hormone receptor analysis, and blood samples. The loss of heterozygosity assay is performed using a multiplex PCR, in which one of each primer pair is labeled with a different fluorophor. - [Read A Multiplex PCR Method to Define a Narrow Deleted Chromosomal Region of a Tumor Genome]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Aspergillus Protocols

The technique makes use of an Escherichia coli strain expressing the redΑßΓ operon under the control of an inducible promoter. This enables the strain to carry out homologous recombination with only 50-60 bp of homologous sequence. The procedure does not require any DNA ligation and is very rapid. It allows a single gene or region on a cosmid to be replaced by a bi-functional selectable marker (having both an E. coli and an A. fumigatus marker). - [Read A Rapid Method for Generating Gene Deletions in Aspergillus fumigatus Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: DNA Staining Protocols for Flow Cytometry

This protocol provides a method for analysis of DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) labeling of fixed apoptotic cells. Flow cytometry reveals apoptotic nuclei in the subdiploid region of the cell cycle histogram... - [Read Analysis of DNA Fragmentation Using Propidium Iodide (PI) Staining After Ethanol Fixation Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: Bisulfite Conversion Based PCR Protocols

Protocol for the analysis of DNA methylation using bisulphite sequencing. Method allows precise analysis of methylation in a certain region by converting all nonmethylated cytosines into tymines, while methylated cytosines remain unchanged.  This method requires small amount of genomic DNA and therefore seems to be very useful for the analysis of clinical samples, where the material amount is limited.
- [Read Analysis of DNA Methylation using Bisulphite Sequencing Protocol]

Category: Epigenetics and Methylation Protocols: Bisulfite Treatment Methylation Assay Protocol

This method allows precise analysis of methylation in a certain region by converting all nonmethylated cytosines into tymines, while methylated cytosines remain unchanged. Dr. A. Gratchev Methods.info - [Read Analysis of methylation using bisulphite sequencing]

Category: DNA Protocols: cDNA Library Protocols: cDNA Library Construction Protocols

Shotgun sequencing of a large segment of DNA involves random fragmentation of the target region into smaller segments that are subsequently cloned into a bacteriophage M13 vector. The goal is to create a library of overlapping clones that provide at least fivefold coverage over the entire length of the target fragment. - [Read Generation of a Library of Randomly Overlapping DNA Inserts Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: Inverse PCR Protocols

Inverse PCR is used to amplify and clone unknown DNA that flanks one end of a known DNA sequence and for which no primers are available.  The technique involves digestion by a restriction enzyme of a preparation of DNA containing the known sequence and its flanking region.  The individual restriction fragments (many thousands in the case of total mammalian genomic DNA) are converted into circles by intramolecular ligation, and the circularized DNA is then used as a template in the PCR. - [Read Inverse PCR Protocol II]

Category: PCR Protocols: cDNA Synthesis Protocols

3'-RACE reactions are used to isolate unknown 3' sequences or to map the 3' termini of mRNAs onto a gene sequence.  3'-RACE requires knowledge of a small region of sequence within either the target RNA or a partial clone of cDNA.  A population of mRNAs is transcribed into cDNA with an adaptor-primer consisting at its 3' end of a poly(T) tract and at its 5' end of an arbitrary sequence of 30-40 nucleotides. - [Read Rapid Amplification of 3' cDNA Ends 3'-RACE Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: cDNA Synthesis Protocols

This method is used to extend partial cDNA clones by amplifying the 5' sequences of the corresponding mRNAs.  The technique requires knowledge of a small region of sequence within the partial cDNA clone.  During PCR, the thermostable DNA polymerase is directed to the appropriate target RNA by a single primer derived from the region of known sequence. - [Read Rapid Amplification of 5' cDNA Ends 5'-RACE Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Genetics Protocols: YACs Protocols

Protocol for the subcloning of Yeast artificial chromosome into phage lambda. To subclone the large insert fragment of human DNA contained within a YAC into a bacteriophage lambda vector. The subclones are 15 to 23 kb in size, and can be used to identify new polymorphic markers from a known region of the genome, to map a specific locus, and/or to screen other libraries. - [Read Subcloning of Yeast Artificial Chromosomes into Phage Lambda Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Transient Transfection Protocols

Transient transfection into 293T cells is a convenient way to overexpress and obtain both cellular and extracellular (secreted or membrane) proteins. 293 is a human renal epithelial cell line which is transformed by adenovirus E1A gene product. 293T is a derivative which also express SV40 large T antigen, allowing episomal replication of plasmids containing the SV40 origin and early promoter region. They (both) have the unusual property of being highly transfectable. - [Read Transient Transfection Into 293T Cells Protocol]