Restriction Digestion of Genomic DNA , Adapter preparation, Ligation of Adapters. Pre amplification Reactions. Gel electrophoresis, Silver Staining. AFLP Protocol and procedure. - [Read AFLP protocol]
Restriction and Ligation reactions, Setting up the reactions, AFLP PCR reactions protocols. Analyzing the data using Genescan. Paul G. Wolf, Utah State Univ. - [Read AFLP protocol Wolf Lab]
Extreme care should be used to identify and verify positive reactions, however, because cross-reactions are common. Counterstaining is essential for examining worms by immunofluorescence and is used to identify the exact cell in which an antigen appears. Methods for counterstaining include labeling all cells with a fluorescent dye that is specific for nucleic acids (e.g., DAPI or propidium iodide) and using GFP driven by tissue-specific promoters. - [Read Antibody Addition and Detection for Staining Caenorhabditis elegans Protocol]
The ability to synthesize RNA in the lab is critical to many techniques.Radiolabeled and nonisotopically labeled RNA probes, generated in small scale transcription reactions can be used in blot hybridizations and nuclease protection assays. This article includes information on: Requirements For Transcription, RNA Phage Polymerases, Template Options: Plasmids, PCR Products, Oligonuclotides and cDNA, Sense or Antisense, Conventional Or Large Scale Synthesis, Products for In Vitro Transcription. - [Read Basic Information on In Vitro Transcription]
Counterstains are used to help differentiate the various cell types of subcellular structures seen in cell staining. They are essential for tissue sections, allowing the identification of the cell types, but also may be helpful in other staining reactions. - [Read Counterstains Protocol]
Protocol for dealing with carryover contamination in PCR- enzymatic strategy. Repeated use of PCR and manipulation of its products cause aerosols that can contaminate neighboring samples and work areas. Such "carryover contamination" can be prevented by including dUTP in place of dTTP for all amplification reactions. - [Read Dealing with Carryover Contamination in PCR: An Enzymatic Strategy Protocol]
Because sequencing reactions catalyzed by thermostable DNA polymerasessuch as Taq are carried out at elevated temperatures, problemscaused by mismatched annealing of primers or templates richin secondary structure are greatly alleviated. - [Read Dideoxy-mediated Sequencing of DNA Using Taq DNA Polymerase Protocol]
Methods for DNA sequencing. Includes: Bst-catalyzed radiolabeled DNA sequencing; Radiolabeled sequencing gel preparation, loading, and electrophoresis; Taq-polymerase catalyzed cycle sequencing using fluorescent-labeled dye primers; Taq-polymerase catalyzed cycle sequencing using fluorescent-labeled dye terminator reactions; Sequenase[TM] catalyzed sequencing with dye-labeled terminators; etc. - [Read DNA Sequencing Methods]
Sequencing conditions tested for the ABI Big-Dye terminators (PE-ABI #4303150 for the 1000 reaction kit - Description: TF,KIT BTD RR-1000) with various templates. Important to quantitate all templates by agarose gel electrophoresis vs size and concentration standards and do a few tests with different template concentrations to determine the optimal conditions for your reactions. Several conditions are given. - [Read Dye Protocols and Notes for Cosmid, BAC, BAC, Fosmid Templates]
Protocol for in vitro transcription and translation using the coupled reticulocyte lysate system. This protocol is designed to test random samples on a protein gel. Scale up the reactions accordingly. Protocol includes: Procedure, Solutions, BioReagents and Chemicals and protocol hints. - [Read In Vitro Transcription and Translation Using the Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate System]
Protocol for in vitro transcription. Includes information on: Hot transcription reactions, notes and troubleshooting. - [Read In Vitro Transcription Protocol]
Protocol describes how tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay. Protocol includes: Translation of Xenopus Mos Kinase; Antibody to Antigen Binding; Protein A Sepharose to Antibody Binding; Kinase Reactions on Immunoprecipitated Material; Polyacrylamide Gel Analysis of Immunoprecipitates. Includes protocol hints. - [Read Kinase Assay Using In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase]
Pilot ligations and packaging reactions are used to establish the amounts of fragmented genomic DNA and bacteriophage {lambda} arms that yield the maximum number of recombinants. Additional ligation and packaging reactions may then be set up to yield a comprehensive library of genomic DNA. - [Read Ligation of Bacteriophage lambda Arms to Fragments of Foreign Genomic DNA Protocol]
In multiplex real-time PCR, different sets of primers with different labels are used to amplify separate genes from the template DNA in one tube. This protocol uses LUX (Light Upon eXtension) primers from invitrogen. FAM (6-carboxy-fluorescein) is used to label the gene of interest, and JOE (6-carboxy-4', 5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxy-fluorescein) is used to label a housekeeping gene as an internal control to normalize between different reactions. - [Read Multiplex Real-Time PCR Protocol]
Protocol is used to establish conditions for restriction enzyme digestion of eukaryotic genomic DNA that will generate fragments of a size appropriate for construction of genomic libraries. To construct a genomic library, the average length of the starting genomic DNA should be at least eight times the capacity of the vector. - [Read Partial Digestion of Eukaryotic DNA for Use in Genomic Libraries: Pilot Reactions Protocol]
The physiological reactions of mitochondria and chloroplasts can be reduced to a series of electron transfers, catalyzed by specific enzymes found within the organelles. Thus, we can study the component processes of photosynthesis and respiration by isolating the organelles and measuring specific enzyme activity associated with that organelle. - [Read Photosynthesis and Respiration - Introduction]
Protocol permits the isolation of at least 3 µg of total RNA from approximately 150,000 cultured cardiac myocytes from adult mice. Includes: Treatment of Samples and Termination of Reactions; Isolation of RNA; Use of Environmental Chamber. - [Read Preparation of Myocyte RNA for Microarray Analysis Protocol]
In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol. In response to progesterone, immature Xenopus oocytes mature to eggs that can be fertilized. The Mos protein kinase is essential for oocyte maturation, most likely due to its ability to activate the MAP kinase cascade. This MAP kinase cascade eventually leads to the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and entry into M phase. In this protocol, tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay.