Specimen chambers have had many designs published over the years describing systems that offer excellent optical properties while allowing specimens to be maintained for varying amounts of time. Ranging in complexity from the simple preparation of a sealed coverslip on a microscope slide to sophisticated perfusion chambers that enable tight control of virtually all environmental variables culture chambers are designed to to allow living specimens to be observed with minimal invasion at high res. - [Read Culture Chambers for Live-Cell Imaging]
The plant transformation procedures described involve floral dip, vacuum infiltration, and spraying. They yield transformants at frequencies ranging up to several percent, with the most common frequency being 0.1%-1%. - [Read In Planta Transformation of Arabidopsis Protocols]
DNA fragments separated by electrophoresis through gels cast with low-melting-temperature agarose are recovered by melting the agarose and extracting the resulting solution with phenol:chloroform. The protocol works best for DNA fragments ranging in size from 0.5 kb to 5 kb. - [Read Recovery of DNA from Low-melting-temperature Agarose Gels: Organic Extraction Protocol]