range Protocols

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols

Protocol for a single-step method for the simultaneous preparation of DNA, RNA, and protein from cells and tissues. The yield of total RNA depends on the tissue or cell source, but it is generally in the range of 4-7 µg/mg starting tissue or 5-10 µg/106 cells.  IMPORTANT: Prepare all reagents used in this protocol with Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated H2O. - [Read A Single-step Method for the Simultaneous Preparation of DNA, RNA, and Protein from Cells and Tissue]

Category: Drosophila Protocols

Enzyme-linked reagents give excellent sensitivity and use a simple light microscope for detection. A range of enzymes is available, but for staining in situ, horseradish peroxidase will suit most needs. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is one of the most sensitive substrates for horseradish peroxidase. It yields an intense brown product that is insoluble in both water and alcohol. It can be made more sensitive by adding metal salts such as cobalt or nickel to the substrate solution. - [Read Antibody Addition to Drosophila Specimens and Detection Using Enzyme-Linked Reagents Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Proteins, Peptides and Antigens

BN-PAGE has become the method of choice for the investigation of the respiratory protein complexes of the electron transfer chains of a range of organisms. It allows the separation in two dimensions of extremely hydrophobic protein sets for analysis and also provides information on their native interactions. In this review we discuss the capabilities of BN-PAGE in proteomics and the wider investigation of protein:protein interactions with a focus on its use and potential in plant science. - [Read Blue-Native PAGE in Plants: A Tool in Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions]

Category: Laboratory Model Organisms Protocols

Protocol describes the culture of marine euplotids using Dunaliella salina or D. tetiolecta as a food organism. Dunaliella tolerate a wide range of salinity, thus they are fairly easy to grow in the lab using artificial sea salts. - [Read Culturing Marine Euplotids Using Dunaliella as a Food Source Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: Genomic DNA Isolation Protocols

In this protocol, the DNA-binding capacity of Wizard MagneSil particles is used to capture and release a consistent amount of DNA (100 ng) across a wide range of samples.  At the end of the procedure, the DNA is eluted into 100 µl Elution Buffer to give a final concentration of 1 ng/µl, relieving the need for postpurification DNA quantitation. - [Read DNA IQ Isolation of Genomic DNA from Stains and Buccal Swabs Protocol]

Category: Cell Organelle Protocols: Subcellular Fractionation Protocols: Membrane Isolation Protocols

The protocol described in this protocol has been used principally for analyzing the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and trans-Golgi network but markers for other compartments (e.g. ERGIC and endosomes) have also been analyzed. Modifications either to the gradient density range or the centrifugation conditions influence the ability of the gradient to resolve multiple compartments. - [Read Fractionation of Golgi, ER, TGN and Other Membrane Compartments in Pre-Formed Iodixanol Gradients]

Category: Cell Organelle Protocols: Subcellular Fractionation Protocols

A number of density gradient strategies have been developed for the fractionation of human erythrocytes according to their age. As the cells age, so their density tends to increase; reticulocytes therefore tend to have the lowest densities. Reticulocytes have frequently been partially purified on discontinuous gradients of arabinogalactan; the actual density range being quite varied, from quite broad ones. - [Read Fractionation of Human Erythrocytes (Normal or Sickle) and Reticulocytes in Discontinuous Iodixanol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cell Specific Cytotoxicity Assays Protocols

The basis of this procedure is that two specific cell type preparations may be isolated, exposed separately to various compounds over a range of concentrations, and the cytotoxicity of these determined.  Parameters deemed indicative of a cytotoxic effect include a reduction in de novo protein synthesis and decreased glucose and fatty acid metabolism.  A cytotoxic effect may indicate that a chemical is likely to be nephrotoxic in vivo. - [Read Isolated Rat Glomeruli and Proximal Tubules]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Quantitation Concentration Protocols

Find a list of assays for the determination of protein concentration in a solution.  This list includes the sensitivity range, volume/amount of sample needed, subjective comments on accuracy and convenience, and major interfering agents.  Procedural details, equipment requirements, and references are outlined in the individual assay documents. - [Read List of Protein Assays]

Category: C. elegans Protocols

At low magnification, dissection microscopes are useful, whereas at higher magnification and resolution, a wide range of optical methods can be used, including differential interference contrast (DIC) optics, phase contrast, fluorescence, polarized light, confocal, and dark field. - [Read Live Imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans: Observation of Nematodes and Data Collection Protocol]

Category: E Coli Protocols: E coli Genetics Protocols

Protocol for precision engineering of plant gene loci by homologous recombination cloning in Escherichia coli. Describe the basis for homologous recombination cloning in E. coli, the available tools and resources, together with a protocol for long range cloning and manipulation of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene locus, to create constructs co-ordinately driven by locus-specific regulatory elements. - [Read Precision Engineering of Plant Gene Loci by Homologous Recombination Cloning in E coli Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Genetics Protocols

Describe the basis for homologous recombination cloning in E. coli, the available tools and resources, together with a protocol for long range cloning and manipulation of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene locus, to create constructs co-ordinately driven by locus-specific regulatory elements. - [Read Precision Engineering of Plant Gene Loci by Homologous Recombination Cloning in Escherichia Coli]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: RNA Isolation Protocols: RNA Isolation fromTissues or Cultured Cells Protocols

Single-step technique, cells are homogenized in guanidnium thiocyanate and the RNA is purified from the lysate by extraction with phenol:chloroform at reduced pH.  Many samples can be processed simultaneously and speedily.  The yield of total RNA depends on the tissue or cell source and is generally in the range of 4-7 µg/ml starting tissue or 5-10 µg/106 cells.  IMPORTANT: Prepare all reagents used in this protocol with Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated H2O. - [Read Purification of RNA from Cells and Tissues by Acid Phenol-Guanidinium Thiocyanate-Chloroform Extract]

Category: Real Time PCR

Learn Quantitative PCR Methodology. Assay parameters, Melt Curves and Primer Dimers, Standard Curves, Dynamic Range, Quantification methods, Delta CT, Standard Curves. Dr.Powell. - [Read Real-Time PCR (qPCR) Basics]

Category: PCR Protocols: Real-Time PCR Protocols

Protocol uses FAM-(6-carboxy-fluorescein) or JOE-(6-carboxy-4', 5' -dichloro-2',7' -dimethoxy-fluorescein) labeled LUX (Light Upon eXtension) primers, which can quantify 100 or fewer copies of the target DNA in a background of nonspecific templates, over a broad dynamic range of less than 100-107 copies.  It uses uracil deglycosylase (UDG) to minimize the risk of carryover contamination, and includes a melting curve analysis of the product. - [Read Real-Time PCR Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: Reverse Transcriptase RT-PCR Protocols

In the first part of this protocol, the linear range of amplification is determined by carrying out 10 identical PCRs in the presence of [{alpha}-32P]dCTP and stopping one reaction after every two cycles.  Amplification products are quantified on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel and the results plotted on a graph (counts per minute vs. cycle number).  Total RNA is used as an internal control. - [Read Relative RT-PCR: Determining the Linear Range of Amplification and Optimizing the Primers:Competimer]

Category: Antibody Protocols: Antibody Handling Protocols

This protocol describes the methods of storage for antibody-containing sera. Antibodies are resistant to a broad range of mildly denaturing conditions, so long-term storage is relatively easy. - [Read Storage of Sera Protocol]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Electrophoresis

Tricine–SDS-PAGE Protocol and background. Nature. PDF file. Tricine–SDS-PAGE is commonly used to separate proteins in the mass range 1–100 kDa. It is the preferred electrophoretic system for the resolution of proteins smaller than 30 kDa. –SDS-PAGE is also used preferentially for doubled SDS-PAGE (dSDS-PAGE), a proteomic tool used to isolate extremely hydrophobic proteins for mass spectrometric identification. - [Read Tricine–SDS-PAGE Protocol PDF]