Shotgun sequencing of a large segment of DNA involves random fragmentation of the target region into smaller segments that are subsequently cloned into a bacteriophage M13 vector. The goal is to create a library of overlapping clones that provide at least fivefold coverage over the entire length of the target fragment. - [Read Generation of a Library of Randomly Overlapping DNA Inserts Protocol]
Protocol for hydroxylamine mutagenesis of plasmid DNA is ideal for random mutagenesis of plasmid DNA which is then used in a plasmid shuffle or screen for ts mutants. - [Read Hydroxylamine Mutagenesis of Plasmid DNA Protocol]
Protocol for in vitro transcription and translation using the coupled reticulocyte lysate system. This protocol is designed to test random samples on a protein gel. Scale up the reactions accordingly. Protocol includes: Procedure, Solutions, BioReagents and Chemicals and protocol hints. - [Read In Vitro Transcription and Translation Using the Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate System]
In this procedure, synthesis of cDNA is carried out in the presence of saturating concentrations of all four dNTPs and trace amounts of a single radiolabeled dNTP. After subtraction hybridization, the enriched single-stranded cDNA is radiolabeled to high specific activity in a second synthetic reaction by extension of random oligonucleotide primers using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase. - [Read Radiolabeling of Subtracted cDNA Probes by Random Oligonucleotide Extension Protocol]
RAPD is a procedure for typing and fingerprinting isolates of a species. It can be used for epidemiological studies, such as investigations into hospital outbreaks and as a laboratory aid to keep track of cultures and to verify that mutants generated in the laboratory are genetically identical to the parental strain. In our hands, the use of one primer, R108, is sufficiently discriminatory to distinguish between the isolates of different strains. - [Read Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Typing and Fingerprinting Protocol]
Protocol for random primer labeling of poly A and RNA. Includes: Random primer reaction; cDNA purification; Hybridization; Washing; Stripping of membranes. - [Read Random Primer Labeling of PolyA and RNA Protocol]
Protocol describes the use of PCR to characterize a peptide library encoded in a plasmid vector. In this example, the library was obtained by transforming bacteria with the ligation reaction at the end of Use of PCR to Prepare a Double-Stranded DNA Library Encoding Random Peptides. - [Read Use of PCR for Quality Control of a Peptide DNA Library Protocol]
PCR is used as a preparative tool for the synthesis of a high-complexity double-stranded DNA library. In the example presented here, a mixture of synthetic oligonucleotides is used to synthesize a random peptide NNK library, where K is either T or G. The exclusion of A and C nucleotides at the third position decreases the occurrence of stop codons but still allows codons for all 20 amino acids. - [Read Use of PCR to Prepare a Double-Stranded DNA Library Encoding Random Peptides Protocol]
DNA microarrays are an ordered arrangement of DNA molecules complementary to genes of interest that are "spotted" by robotic equipment onto a glass slide substrate. The expression of genes in cells can be monitored with microarrays by preparing cDNA from the mRNA of cells of interest and measuring the hybridization to the microarray. This protocol describes the labeling of genomic DNA for use as a probe for hybridization to the cDNA spotted on the array.