Protocol for the purification of DNA recovered from agarose and polyacrylamide gels by anion-exchange chromatography. Fragments of DNA recovered from agarose gels are sometimes poor templates or substrates in subsequent enzymatic reactions. This problem can be solved by binding the DNA to a positively charged matrix, such as DEAE-Sephadex or DEAE-Sephacel, in buffers of low ionic strength. After washing the matrix, the DNA is eluted by raising the strength of the buffer. - [Read Purification of DNA Recovered Anion-exchange Chromatography Protocol]
Recombinant proteins, constructed in pGEX vectors, are fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) and can be purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose. Bound GST-fusion proteins are readily displaced from the column by elution with buffers containing free glutathione. - [Read Purification of Fusion Proteins by Affinity Chromatography on Glutathione Agarose Protocol]
This protocol uses a "light mitochondrial" pellet from a mammalian liver homogenate. The gradient thus has to resolve a variety of denser components (peroxisomes, lysosomes, mitochondria) from the Golgi membranes, which have a low density in iodixanol (1.06-1.09 g/ml) [1]. The protocol is
specifically tailored to the purification of Golgi membranes from this pellet and is unsuitable for the isolation or analysis of other organelles present in the light mitochondrial fraction. - [Read Purification of Golgi Membranes from a Light Mitochondrial Fraction in a Self-Generated Gradient]
Recombinant proteins engineered to have a polyhistidine tail at either the carboxyl or amino terminus can easily be purified in one step by affinity chromatography on a resin carrying chelated nickel ions. Chromatography can be carried out in column or batch formats. After unbound proteins are washed away, the target protein is eluted using imidazole, which typically preserves the antigenic and functional features of the protein. - [Read Purification of Histidine-tagged Proteins by Immobilized Ni2+ Absorption Chromatography Protocol]
Immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) is suitable for the purification of proteins under denaturing conditions. Either guanidine-HCl or urea can be used, although guanidine-HCl is a stronger denaturant than urea. Proteins that have been adsorbed to the column in the presence of guanidine-binding buffer may be washed with urea-binding buffer and eluted with urea elution buffer. - [Read Purification of Histidine-Tagged Proteins under Denaturing Conditions Using IMAC Protocol]
Histidine-tagged proteins can be purified on prepacked 1-ml immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns without optimization of the separation conditions. The method allows fast capture of the target protein, although with a lower purity than can be obtained under optimized conditions. - [Read Purification of Histidine-Tagged Proteins Using IMAC Without Parameter Optimization Protocol]
This protocol describes a discontinuous gradient, which resolves the mitochondria from both lighter and denser organelles. Because the centrifugation is carried out for 4 h, diffusion will create a partially continuous gradient and this probably contributes to the resolution of the mitochondria from the lighter lysosomes. - [Read Purification of Mammalian Liver Mitochondria by Flotation Through a Pre-formed Discontinuous Iodixan]
Protocol describes the standard method for nucleic acid purification by extraction first with phenol:chloroform (optionally containing hydroxyquiniline at 0.1%) and then with chloroform to remove any remaining phenol. The procedure takes advantage of the fact that deproteinization is more efficient when two different organic solvents are used instead of one. - [Read Purification of Nucleic Acids by Extraction with Phenol:Chloroform Protocol]
Although Percoll gradients were able to provide a purified sporocyst fraction, because these particles do not all band in a discrete manner in such gradients, they were unable to provide a simultaneous isolation of a pure oocyst wall fraction. Gradients formed from this protocol on the other hand are able to provide purified sporocysts and oocyst walls in the same gradient. - [Read Purification of Oocyst Walls and Sporocysts from Toxoplasma gondii Protocol]
Protocol details the purification and analysis of many synthetic peptides of 2-65 amino acid residues. These peptides contain a number of ionizable or polar side chains, but do not contain secondary structural elements (such as ß-sheets) that favor supramolecular assembly. - [Read Purification of Peptides from Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis with RP-HPLC Protocol]
DNA microarrays are an ordered arrangement of DNA molecules complementary to genes of interest that are "spotted" by robotic equipment onto a glass slide substrate. The expression of genes in cells can be monitored with microarrays by preparing cDNA from the mRNA of cells of interest and measuring the hybridization to the microarray. This protocol describes the labeling of genomic DNA for use as a probe for hybridization to the cDNA spotted on the array.
This Microarray Protocol Preparation of Fluorescent DNA Probes from Human mRNA protocol describes the production of probes labeled with the fluorescent dyes, Cy3 and Cy5, following the synthesis of cDNA from human mRNA and the hybridization of the probes to DNA microarrays.
This protocol describes the electroporation of the BMH 81-17 mut S strain that is recommended for tranformation of the site directed mutagenesis of dsDNA (See Protocol on Site-Directed Mutagenesis on Double Stranded DNA). BMH 81-17 mut S are a mismatch repair defective (mut S) Escherichia coli strain. The probability that the two mutations will cosegregate during the first round of DNA replication is increased in this strain.