Protocol describes how (1) to clone cloned sequences encoding open reading frames in plasmids carrying bacteriophage {lambda} pL promoters, (2) to optimize expression of target proteins in transformants carrying these recombinants, and (3) to scale-up production of foreign proteins. - [Read Expression of Cloned Genes in E. coli Using the Bacteriophage lambda pL Promoter Protocol]
Protocol for expression of cloned genes in E. coli using the bacteriophage lambda pL promoter. Protocol describes how (1) to clone cloned sequences encoding open reading frames in plasmids carrying bacteriophage lambda pL promoters, (2) to optimize expression of target proteins in transformants carrying these recombinants, and (3) to scale-up production of foreign proteins. - [Read Expression of Cloned Genes in E. coli Using the Bacteriophage lambda pL Promoter Protocol]
Protocol for the expression of cloned genes in E. coli using the bacteriophage T7 promoter. Protocol describes how (1) to clone cloned sequences encoding open reading frames in plasmids carrying bacteriophage T7 promoters, (2) to optimize expression of target proteins in transformants carrying these recombinants, and (3) to scale-up production of foreign proteins. - [Read Expression of Cloned Genes in E. coli Using the Bacteriophage T7 Promoter Protocol]
This protocol has been used successfully to 15N or 13C/15N label our proteins using our pET1120/BL21(DE3) expression system: Preparing M9 minimal media begins with preparing a 5x stock solution of M9 salts. Generally, M9 salts contain a nitrogen source in the form of NH4Cl. Since we want to add a labeled nitrogen source, our 5x salts are prepared minus NH4Cl. Standard 5 X M9 Minimal Media salts minus nitrogen source For 1L 5xM9 salts: - [Read Expression Protocol in M9 Minimal Media via T7 Promoter]
The simplest way to analyze proteins is in unfractionated extracts. However, it is often desirable to fractionate proteins, e.g, by size. This procedure extracts total protein from Arabidopsis samples. Typical yields are ~2-3 mg/ml (using rosette leaves) or 6-8 mg/ml (using young seedlings). - [Read Extraction of Total Protein from Arabidopsis Protocol]
Organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone remove lipids and dehydrate cells, precipitating the proteins on the cellular architecture. Be aware that different antigens may be affected differently by the various solvents. If no previous data are available for your antigen, start with the 50/50 mixture. For tissue culture dishes, concentrations of acetone higher than 50% will destroy the integrity of the plastic. - [Read Fixing Attached Cells in Organic Solvents Protocol]
Protocol describes a method for performing isoelectric fractionation of a maize embryo sample using a multicompartment electrolyzer(MCE). This prefractionation of proteins having pIs within a certain pH interval is essential for allowing high loads of protein to be resolved on narrow and ultra-narrow immobilized pH gradients used in 2D electrophoresis. The isoelectric membranes in the MCE act like isoelectric traps capturing all the protein species having pIs encompassing the pI value of each... - [Read Fractionation of Maize Embryo Proteins for 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Using Multicompartment Electrolyz]
Protocol exploits differences in electrophoretic mobility through a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel between a rapidly migrating target DNA and a more slowly migrating DNA-protein complex. - [Read Gel Retardation Assays for DNA-binding Proteins Protocol]
Protocols for gene expression and protein localization in Arabidopsis. Includes: Detection of the native protein; Detection of a recombinant version; Immunofluorescence detection in Arabidopsis protoplasts; Isolation of Arabidopsis seedling protoplasts; Subcellular localization of GUS-fusion proteins in Arabidopsis seedlings; Localization of Arabidopsis proteins with GUS in situ enzyme assay. - [Read Gene Expression and Protein Localization in Arabidopsis Protocols]
Fixation must convert the soluble contents of the cell (ie proteins, carbohydrates, ... http://www.protocol-online.org/prot/Histology/Fixation/ ...General Overview of Histology and Tissue Fixation. BIOS 576. Rice. - [Read General Overview of Histology]
Lysis in the sucrose-containing Buffer ("Mito-Buffer") is supposed to prevent accidential disrupture of the mitochondria to prevent the leakage of mitochondrial proteins (such as cytochrome c) into the cytosol. Celldeath.de - [Read Gentle lysis of mammalian cells for cytochrome c release assay]
In brief, the reaction mixture, is prepared in exactly the same way as if the sample is to be stained or shadowed for electron microscopy, but once the... Gold labeling technique for electron microscopic identification and location of proteins. - [Read Gold labeling of proteins for electron microscopy]
Accumulation of lipophilic substances in the plasma membrane may affect the membrane lipid order and consequently affect the function of these proteins. Changes in the activity of the Na+/K+ -ATPase, which is the major active transport system responsible for the electrochemical potential in mammalian cells, can therefore be an indication of the effect that a chemical may have on the viability of the cell membrane and possibly the whole cell. - [Read Hamster Ovary Cell NA+/K+ -ATPase Test]
His Tag Nickel Affinity Chromatography Protocol PDF. The Wallert and Provost Lab. Theory and Introduction: Ni-Affinity Chromatography uses the ability of His to bind nickel. Six histadine amino acids at the end of a protein (either N or C terminus) is known as a 6X His tag. Nickel is bound to an
agarose bead by chelation using nitroloacetic acid (NTA) beads. Several companies produce these beads as His
Tagged proteins are some of the most used affinity tags in today’s market. - [Read His Tag Nickel Affinity Chromatography Protocol PDF]
How to Cross-Link Proteins- http://www.fgsc.net/neurosporaprotocols/How%20to%20cross-link%20proteins.pdf
Coimmunoprecipitation is most commonly used to test whether two proteins of interest are associated in vivo, but it can also be used to identify novel interacting partners of a target protein. In both cases, the cells, which may have been labeled with [35S]methionine, are harvested and lysed under conditions that preserve protein-protein interactions. The target protein is specifically immunoprecipitated from the cell extracts, and the immunoprecipitates are fractionated by SDS-PAGE. - [Read Identification of Associated Proteins by Coimmunoprecipitation Protocol]
A single step RNA isolation protocol using Phenol Chloroform Extraction and Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate. This RNA isolation method uses the fact that guanidinium thiocyanate can simultaneously lyse the cells and inactive cellular RNAses during the initial RNA isolation step allow a single step in the method.
In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol. In response to progesterone, immature Xenopus oocytes mature to eggs that can be fertilized. The Mos protein kinase is essential for oocyte maturation, most likely due to its ability to activate the MAP kinase cascade. This MAP kinase cascade eventually leads to the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and entry into M phase. In this protocol, tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay.