Protein Microarray Chips - An Introduction. Introduction, Types of Protein Chips, Attachment, Protein and Antibody Chip Production, Applications of Protein Chips, Detection methods, and Future Directions.
Molecularstation. - [Read Protein and Antibody Microarray Chips - An Introduction]
Western Blot Home- http://www.molecularstation.com/protein/western-blot/
Western Blot Home. Information on western blotting, western blot procedure and methods, western blot books, stripping protocols. - [Read Western Blot Home]
Covers Many Western Blot Problems and Includes Many Solutions. Fuzzy Bands, Low or Weak Signal, High Background, Spots on Film, Too Many Bands. A MolecularStation Guide. - [Read Troubleshooting Western Blot]
Protocol exploits differences in electrophoretic mobility through a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel between a rapidly migrating target DNA and a more slowly migrating DNA-protein complex. - [Read Gel Retardation Assays for DNA-binding Proteins Protocol]
Gel Super-Shift Assay EMSA Protocol- http://www.biochem.northwestern.edu/ibis/morimoto/research/Protocols/III.%20Proteins/C.%20DNA-Protein%20Interactions/3b.%20Super-shift.pdf
Protocols for gene expression and protein localization in Arabidopsis. Includes: Detection of the native protein; Detection of a recombinant version; Immunofluorescence detection in Arabidopsis protoplasts; Isolation of Arabidopsis seedling protoplasts; Subcellular localization of GUS-fusion proteins in Arabidopsis seedlings; Localization of Arabidopsis proteins with GUS in situ enzyme assay. - [Read Gene Expression and Protein Localization in Arabidopsis Protocols]
This protocol describes the first step in constructing an array: amplification of the predicted ORFs that are to be included in the array. Gene-specific primers containing vector-specific flanking sequences that facilitate recombinational cloning are used to amplify each ORF. A secondary amplification can be used to extend the length of the homologous vector sequence flanking the ORF. - [Read Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using a Two-Hybrid Array: Amplification of ORFs]
This protocol assays inhibition of in vivo binding of [3H]-cAMP to cAR1 by GTPγS. Dictyostelium discoideum respond to extracellular cAMP through the cAMP chemoattractant receptor (cAR1). Binding of cAMP to the G protein-coupled cAR1 is inhibited by the GTP analog GTPγS. Protocol includes information on: Solutions used, BioReagents and Chemicals and Protocol Hints. - [Read GTPγS-Induced Inhibition of cAMP Binding to the cAMP Receptor (cAR1) in Dictyostelium Discoideum]
Protocol for GUS reporter gene assay. Includes: Protein isolation; Alternative method for small (<1g) quantities of tissue; GUS assays; Bradford protein concentration determination assays - [Read GUS Reporter Gene Assay Protocol]
His Tag Nickel Affinity Chromatography Protocol PDF. The Wallert and Provost Lab. Theory and Introduction: Ni-Affinity Chromatography uses the ability of His to bind nickel. Six histadine amino acids at the end of a protein (either N or C terminus) is known as a 6X His tag. Nickel is bound to an
agarose bead by chelation using nitroloacetic acid (NTA) beads. Several companies produce these beads as His
Tagged proteins are some of the most used affinity tags in today’s market. - [Read His Tag Nickel Affinity Chromatography Protocol PDF]
Coimmunoprecipitation is most commonly used to test whether two proteins of interest are associated in vivo, but it can also be used to identify novel interacting partners of a target protein. In both cases, the cells, which may have been labeled with [35S]methionine, are harvested and lysed under conditions that preserve protein-protein interactions. The target protein is specifically immunoprecipitated from the cell extracts, and the immunoprecipitates are fractionated by SDS-PAGE. - [Read Identification of Associated Proteins by Coimmunoprecipitation Protocol]
Protocol for Immunoblot. Includes: Staining and Laser Capture Microdissection; Protein Separation by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; Electrophoretic Transfer To a Membrane (Nylon, PVDF or Nitrocellulose); Primary and Secondary Antibody Incubations; Visualization. - [Read Immunoblot Protocol]
Protein immunoprecipitation can be a useful preparative step for immunoblotting. For very rare proteins, the protein of interest can be purified and concentrated by standard immunoprecipitation techniques before immunoblotting. In addition, protein-protein interactions can be tested with an immunoprecipitating antibody that is specific for one protein of a complex and an immunoblotting antibody that is specific for a second member of the complex. - [Read Immunoblotting: Preparing Immunoprecipitated Proteins Protocol]
This protocol describes the use of a specific antibody that recognizes the targeted gene product to detect RNAi-induced gene knockdown in mammalian cells. Western blot technology can be used as an alternative (see Detection of RNAi-Induced Protein Knockdown in Mammalian Cells by Western Blotting). - [Read Immunofluorescence Detection of RNAi-Induced Protein Knockdown in Mammalian Cells Protocol]
Protocol for immunoprecipitation of mRNA-protein complexes. In this protocol, an antibody targeting an RBP of interest is used to immunoprecipitate the RBP and any interacting
molecules from a cell lysate. Reverse transcription followed by PCR is then used to identify individual mRNAs isolated with the RBP. This method focuses on examining an association between a specific RBP-mRNA complex, and it is best suited for a small scale screening of known or putative binding partners. - [Read Immunoprecipitation of mRNA-Protein Complexes Protocol]
For many sources of antigens, one useful method of lysis is to treat cells with harsh, denaturing solutions to release most of the protein antigens, as described here. The lysates are then diluted to reduce the denaturing conditions to levels that are suitable for the formation of antibody-antigen complexes. The resulting solution is precleared prior to immunoprecipitation. - [Read Immunoprecipitation: Denaturing Lysis Protocol]
A single step RNA isolation protocol using Phenol Chloroform Extraction and Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate. This RNA isolation method uses the fact that guanidinium thiocyanate can simultaneously lyse the cells and inactive cellular RNAses during the initial RNA isolation step allow a single step in the method.
Paraffin Embedding Protocol for molecular profiling. This Paraffin Embedding Protocol describes the processing of the tissues into sections following ethanol fixation. Molecular profiling (MP) is a technique that is used to visualize the global patterns of RNA expression or protein expression in various cell types and disease processes.
In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol. In response to progesterone, immature Xenopus oocytes mature to eggs that can be fertilized. The Mos protein kinase is essential for oocyte maturation, most likely due to its ability to activate the MAP kinase cascade. This MAP kinase cascade eventually leads to the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and entry into M phase. In this protocol, tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay.
A protocol for the selection of Phage Antibodies using Immobilized Antigen. This method describes the selection of antibodies from bacteriophage antibody libraries that recognize a specific antigen. The phage display library of antibody-displaying phage particles is exposed to antigen attached to a solid substrate (Nunc Immuno™ tubes). The phage particles with affinity for antigen bind to the immobilized antigen and are selected from the library of phage expressing antibodies.
Unlike spherical phage, such as T4 and λ, which have roughly equal weight ratios of protein to DNA, filamentous phage have about six times more protein than DNA; the protein therefore contributes substantially to the absorption spectrum.