Once tissues are fixed and permeabilized, the antibodies are added. These antibodies can be labeled directly or detected by a labeled secondary reagent. For indirect detection, any reagent that binds specifically to the primary antibody can be "tagged" and used to locate the antibody. The possible reagents include anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, protein A or G, or, if the first antibody is labeled with biotin, streptavidin. They can be labeled with enzymes or gold. - [Read Binding Antibodies to Tissue Sections Protocol]
Cell Staining for Immunofluorescence Microscopy. Includes protocols for fixing the cells, Coverslip Preparation for Adherent Cells, Coverslip Preparation for Non-Adherent Cells, Paraformaldehyde Fixation, and Methanol/Acetone Fixation. Blocking protocols include blocking with primary antibody, and incubation with secondary antibody. - [Read Cell Staining for Immunofluorescence Microscopy]
Most powerful and convincing method to determine if a specific protein is phosphorylated in a physiologically relevant manner is to assay phosphorylation in situ. The procedure described involves incubating cultured cells (e.g., primary neuronal cultures or transfected cells) or tissue preparations (e.g., hippocampal slices) with [32P]orthophosphate, which is then taken up by the cells or tissues and incorporated into the γ-phosphate position of ATP. - [Read Detection of Protein Phosphorylation in Tissues and Cells Protocol]
The protocol for immunolabeling for electron microscopy depends mostly on the primary antibody and its ability to recognize antigen under particular ...Electron Microscopy of the Cytoskeleton of Cultured Cells. Boris Lab. - [Read Electron Microscopy of the Cytoskeleton of Cultured Cells]
The procedures involve the isolation and growth of primary cell cultures from rodent and human tissue as well as the use of viral vectors for the introduction and expression of mammalian genes in cells in culture and in live rodents. - [Read Growth of Primary Cell Culture and Viral Vector Handling Protocols]
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells capable of differentiation to representatives of all three germ layers. Includes: Isolation of Primary Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts; Thawing and preparing p1 MEF feeder plates; Preparation of MEF- Conditioned Medium (MEF-CM; Microdissection Passaging of hESCs; Bulk passaging of hESC; Cryopreservation of hESCs; Thawing of hESCs; Karyotyping. - [Read Human Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols]
Primary culture of hepatocytes is an in vitro model widely used to ... protocols for cytochromes P450IIIA in vivo and in primary cultures of animal and ...Human Hepatocyte Culture Protocol - [Read Human Hepatocyte Culture Protocol]
Protocol describes the direct detection of RNA on DNA microarrays using Hybrid Capture (HC) technology and the HC ExpressArray Kit developed by Diagene. The kit uses a proprietary antibody that binds specifically to RNA:DNA hybrids and a second, fluorescently labeled, antibody that detects the primary antibody. Total RNA is applied directly to a glass-spotted DNA microarray, and stable RNA:DNA hybrids are visualized via a Cy3-labeled secondary antibody. - [Read Hybridization and Detection Using the HC ExpressArray Kit Protocol]
Cultivating animal cells in the laboratory is an indispensable technique for cell biologists. However, most normal primary cell lines, while faithfully reproducing the phenotype of their tissue of origin, do not grow indefinitely in culture. After a series of population doublings (the number of which varies by species, cell type, and culture conditions) primary cells enter a state where they no longer divide. - [Read Immortalization of Cells in Culture]
Protocol for Immunoblot. Includes: Staining and Laser Capture Microdissection; Protein Separation by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; Electrophoretic Transfer To a Membrane (Nylon, PVDF or Nitrocellulose); Primary and Secondary Antibody Incubations; Visualization. - [Read Immunoblot Protocol]
Protocol for immunofluorescence labeling of cells. Includes: Cell Preparation; Fixation; Application of Primary Antibody; Application of Secondary Antibody and Evaulation. - [Read Immunofluorescence Labeling of Cells Protocol]
Protocol for immunohistochemistry with AP-Conjugated (NBT/BCIP). Protocol extensively blocks slides, further diluting the primary antibody, lengthening the incubation and washing time, using a simple AP-conjugated secondary at high dilution and use a slow long development with the most powerful IHC development, NBT/BCIP. Includes: Single AP stainiing and Double AP staining. - [Read Immunohistochemistry with AP-Conjugated (NBT/BCIP) Protocol]
A Single Stranded Plasmid DNA Isolation Protocol describing the production and isolation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using bacteriophagemid-containing bacteria and helper phage. Infection of the host cells with helper phage allows for packaging of ssDNA into bacteriophage. The ssDNA can then be isolated from phage particles.
Tubulin is polymerized into microtubules by incubating tubulin at 37°C with GTP. A nucleation seed is added when the purpose is to assay microtubule elongation. Tubulin can also be polymerized for the purposes of recycling the tubulin or labeling the microtubules with fluorescently labeled tubulin. Based on the protocol by Timothy Mitchison of Harvard University.