When imaging specimens in the optical microscope, differences in intensity and/or color create image contrast, which allows individual features and details of the specimen to become visible. Contrast is defined as the difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent background relative to the overall background intensity. In general, a minimum contrast value of 0.02 (2 percent) is needed by the human eye to distinguish differences between the image and its background. - [Read Contrast in Optical Microscopy]
The plant transformation procedures described involve floral dip, vacuum infiltration, and spraying. They yield transformants at frequencies ranging up to several percent, with the most common frequency being 0.1%-1%. - [Read In Planta Transformation of Arabidopsis Protocols]
In vitro transcription systems includes instructions for use of products P1420, P1430, P1440, P1450 and P1460.Includes information and protocols on RNA Transcription in vitro. Information on DNA Template Preparation;Synthesis of High-Specific-Activity Radio labeled RNA Probes;Determining Percent Incorporation and Probe Specific Activity;Removal of the DNA Template Following Transcription;Removal of unincorporated nucleotides;Synthesis of large amounts of RNA;Capping RNA for in vitro translation. - [Read Riboprobe In Vitro Transcription Systems]