This protocol describes an easy method for calibrating micropipette tips that have been pulled in the laboratory. It is essential to estimate the internal diameter of the pulled micropipette tip when adjusting parameters for a new puller or new type of glass tubing. A tip diameter of ~0.3 µm is optimal for the microinjection of mammalian cells in culture (e.g., CHO, PtK1, and COS-7). A 10% increase in diameter increases the delivery rate by more than 30% and can cause cell damage. - [Read Calibration of Micropipette Tips Protocols]
Protocol describes how subcellular-sized particles are accelerated to high velocity to carry double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into Drosophila embryos. The major advantage of this procedure over microinjection (Microinjection of dsRNA into Drosophila Embryos) is that particle bombardment is easier and faster to perform. In addition, the mechanical trauma received is far less than by microinjection, allowing better survival of embryos and fewer phenotypic artifacts. - [Read Delivery of dsRNA into Drosophila Embryos by Gene Gun Protocol]
Differences in injection of X. laevis and X. tropicalis. Includes: X. tropicalis lays eggs about 4 hours after a boost of hCG; In vitro fertilization is not nearly as efficient in trops compared to laevis; X. tropicalis embryos are much softer than X. laevis embryos; X. tropicalis embryos whose jelly coats are removed by cysteine have a loose sticky vitelline membrane; X. tropicalis do not have a "summer slump". - [Read Differences in Injection of X. laevis and X. tropicalis]
This protocol describes a method for constant-flow microinjection using the Pneumatic PicoPump (World Precision Instruments). This type of system is very simple and can be assembled on a relatively low budget. In this method, a constant flow of sample is delivered from the tip of the pipette, and the amount of sample injected into the cell is determined by how long the pipette remains in the cell. - [Read Gene Delivery by Direct Injection (Microinjection) Using a Controlled-Flow System Protocol]
This protocol describes a method for pulsed-flow microinjection using the Eppendorf FemtoJet injector and Eppendorf InjectMan; this is the most common type of pulsed-flow microinjection system currently being used. The advantage of this type of system over a controlled-flow system is that much more control is available over the injection parameters, reducing variability in injections. In addition, the system allows a diagonal insertion of the needle into the cell. - [Read Gene Delivery by Direct Injection (Microinjection) Using a Pulsed-Flow System Protocol]
Specific molecular components can be efficiently labeled by a combination of three methods: chemical transfection of GFP-fusion constructs, staining of chromosomes with the DNA-specific, fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, and microinjection of fluorescently conjugated proteins. This procedure provides an example of using all three methods in sequence to label components of living HeLa cells. These methods should be followed in the order presented, but any of them can be omitted when not needed. - [Read Imaging Hoechst-Labeled Chromosomes and Fluorescent Proteins during the Cell Cycle]
Fluorescence microscopy provides a powerful tool for imaging molecular components in living cells. Specific molecular components can be efficiently labeled by a combination of three methods: chemical transfection of GFP-fusion constructs, staining of chromosomes with the DNA-specific, fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, and microinjection of fluorescently conjugated proteins. This procedure provides an example of using all three methods in sequence to label components of living HeLa cells. - [Read Imaging Hoechst-Labeled Chromosomes and Fluorescent Proteins during the Cell Cycle]
Activation and inactivation of proteins using photoactivation of caged peptides or proteins offer insights into cellular dynamics not achievable using genetic means. The ability to selectively alter the activity of a specific protein at a defined time and location inside a cell allows the correlation of changes in protein activity and cellular behavior. A caged compound, peptide, or protein is prepared by covalently linking it to a photolabile, protecting group. - [Read Introduction of Caged Peptide/Protein into Cells Using Microinjection Protocol]
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can be efficiently introduced into Caenorhabditis elegans by microinjection into the gonad, the gut, or the body fluid. The RNAi effect will spread within the nematode, exerting an effect beyond the site of injection. - [Read Introduction of Double-Stranded RNA in C. elegans by Injection Protocol]
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can be efficiently introduced into Caenorhabditis elegans by microinjection into the gonad, the gut, or the body fluid. The RNAi effect will spread within the nematode, exerting an effect beyond the site of injection. - [Read Introduction of Double-Stranded RNA in C. elegans by Injection Protocol]
Protocol describes the use of agarose plugs for isolation of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) DNA. The DNA can then be run on a pulsed-field gel and used for microinjection to produce transgenic mice. - [Read Large-Scale Preparation of Agarose Plugs of Yeast DNA Protocol]
This protocol describes the determination of useful settings with the Sutter Puller P-97 to make injection pipettes for microinjection. - [Read Making Injection Pipettes Protocol]
Protocol describes the determination of useful settings with the Sutter Puller P-97 to make injection pipettes for microinjection. - [Read Making Injection Pipettes Protocol]
This protocol provides a description of how to introduce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into Drosophila embryos by microinjection. Several days of preparation are required before injections into Drosophila embryos begin. Flies must be in abundant supply for egg collection. Bombardment of embryos with dsRNA-coated gold particles (Delivery of dsRNA into Drosophila Embryos by a Gene Gun) can be used as an alternative. - [Read Microinjection of dsRNA into Drosophila Embryos Protocol]
Protocol describes how to introduce a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of choice into mouse oocytes or fertilized one-cell embryos by microinjection. For collection of mouse oocytes and early embryos, see Collection of Mouse Oocytes for RNAi and Collection of Early Mouse Embryos for RNAi. - [Read Microinjection of dsRNA into Mouse Oocytes and Early Embryos Protocol]
The core defines one injection as a total of forty blastocysts injected on two consecutive days using one or two clones for the same mutation. Please, refer to the Pricing page for information on the cost of one injection. - [Read Microinjection of Mouse ES Cells into Blastocysts]
Tubulin is polymerized into microtubules by incubating tubulin at 37°C with GTP. A nucleation seed is added when the purpose is to assay microtubule elongation. Tubulin can also be polymerized for the purposes of recycling the tubulin or labeling the microtubules with fluorescently labeled tubulin. Based on the protocol by Timothy Mitchison of Harvard University.