Flow cytometers must be calibrated prior to fluorescence intensity measurements because of inherent instrument variability. To correct for this variability, a standard particle (fixed chicken red blood cells, or CRBCs) must be analyzed on the instrument prior to each experiment and photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages adjusted accordingly to place the CRBC fluorescence emission peaks into predetermined target channels. - [Read Calibration of Becton Dickinson Flow Cytometers for Relative Fluorescence Intensity Measurements]
Flow cytometric determination of leukocyte surface antigens in whole blood. Quantitation of cell surface antigens in whole blood with the flow cytometer is very simple and requires:
1. Blood collection; 2. Addition of antibody; 3. Calibration of the flow cytometer; 4. Making measurements. - [Read Flow cytometric determination of leukocyte surface antigens in whole blood]
The scanning transmission electron microscope precision and reproducibility of mass measurements are comparable with those of the analytical ultracentrifuge, the possibility of determining the mass not only of entire supramolecular assemblies but also of their distinct components has opened exciting new avenues which have occasionally been entered but are not yet fully explored. Includes: Principle and application (The GroEL:GroES complex). - [Read Imaging and Measuring Biomolecules & Their Assemblies by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy]
This protocol describes a method to assess concentrations of free cytoplasmic calcium, [Ca2+]i, for cultured adherent RAW 264.7 cells in an 8-well coverglass. This objective is accomplished using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, fura-2
acetoxymethyl (AM), which permeates cell membranes as an ester and is hydrolyzed in the cell to its Ca2+-sensitive acidic form. Fluorescence for the adherent cells is measured over time with cells that have been washed free of extracellular dye. - [Read Live Single-Cell Fura-2 Measurements to Determine the Intracellular Free Calcium]
This protocol describes a method to assess concentrations of free cytoplasmic calcium, [Ca2+], for cultured adherent RAW 264.7 cells in an 8-well coverglass. This objective is accomplished using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, fura-2
acetoxymethyl (AM), which permeates cell membranes as an ester and is hydrolyzed in the cell to its Ca2+-sensitive acidic form. - [Read Live Single-Cell Fura-2 Measurements to Determine the Intracellular Free Calcium in RAW 264.7 Cells]
This protocol describes a method to assess concentrations of free cytoplasmic calcium, [Ca2+]i, for cultured adherent RAW 264.7 cells in an 8-well coverglass. This objective is accomplished using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, fura-2
acetoxymethyl (AM), which permeates cell membranes as an ester and is hydrolyzed in the cell to its Ca2+-sensitive acidic form. - [Read Live Single-Cell Fura-2 Measurements to Determine the Intracellular Free Calcium Protocol]
Many proteins and molecules promote cell adhesion including several cell surface carbohydrate binding proteins. Cell adhesion measurements on 96-well microtiter plate format are difficult due to the shear forces generated by washing the wells. The protocol here introduces the use of a liquid-filled wash chamber that separates unbound cells by gravity. This eliminates uncontrolled shear forces and passage of adherent cells through a liquid/air interface. John L. Magnani~GlycoTech Corporation. - [Read Measurement of Cell Adhesion Under Static Conditions]
This protocol describes how to isolate human platelets from whole blood. Isolated platelets are used for static adhesion assays, for flow chamber assays, flow cytometry measurements, etc. - [Read Separation of Platelets from Whole Blood]
Unlike spherical phage, such as T4 and λ, which have roughly equal weight ratios of protein to DNA, filamentous phage have about six times more protein than DNA; the protein therefore contributes substantially to the absorption spectrum.