Enzyme-linked reagents give excellent sensitivity and use a simple light microscope for detection. A range of enzymes is available, but for staining in situ, horseradish peroxidase will suit most needs. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is one of the most sensitive substrates for horseradish peroxidase. It yields an intense brown product that is insoluble in both water and alcohol. It can be made more sensitive by adding metal salts such as cobalt or nickel to the substrate solution. - [Read Antibody Addition to Drosophila Specimens and Detection Using Enzyme-Linked Reagents Protocol]
The blot is blocked to prevent nonspecific adsorption of the immunological reagents. Antibodies are then bound to the proteins immobilized on the membrane, and the antigen is detected by labeling the antibodies with conveniently identified tags. Common labeling methods for chemiluminescent detection include anti-immunoglobulin antibody-coupled enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of luminol and in turn releases light. - [Read Immunoblotting: Antigen Detection Using Chemiluminescence Protocol]
Protocol describes, samples containing the target protein are deposited onto a polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF) membrane using a vacuum manifold. The immobilized protein is exposed to an antibody specific for the target protein, followed by an antibody that reacts with species-specific determinants carried by the primary antibody and is conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). - [Read Measuring Protein Concentration by Western Analysis Using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Detection]