Protocol for the isolation of Arabidopsis nuclei and measurement of gene transcription rates using nuclear run-on assays. Plant materials are ground in hexylene glycol-based buffers and highly enriched nuclear fractions are obtained using Percoll density gradients. Standard and small-scale protocols are presented, along with a tested method for nuclear run-on assays. The entire process may be completed within 3 days. - [Read Isolation of Arabidopsis Nuclei and Measurement of Gene Transcription Rates Protocol]
Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is a powerful new technology that enables the acquisition of optical sections without the use of a pinhole aperture typically used for confocal microscopy. The technique is based upon the two-photon principle: A fluorescent molecule simultaneously absorbs two photons producing an electronic transition from the ground to excited state equal to two times the energy of each incident photon. - [Read Multiphoton Images from LSM 510 NLO System]
Reflected light microscopy is often referred to as incident light, epi-illumination, or metallurgical microscopy, and is the method of choice for fluorescence and for imaging specimens that remain opaque even when ground to a thickness of 30 microns. - [Read Reflected Light Microscopy]
DNA isolation method yields an average of 0.6 micrograms of genomic DNA that is suitable for Southern analysis or PCR. Starting with fresh mycelium, 20 to 40 samples can be processed in approximately two hours. Better yields (about 5 micrograms) may be obtained by suspending approximately 100 microliters of ground lyophilized mycelium in 500 microliters of isolation buffer and following the protocol. - [Read Small Scale DNA Preps for Neurospora crassa Protocol]
This Microarray Protocol Preparation of Fluorescent DNA Probes from Human mRNA protocol describes the production of probes labeled with the fluorescent dyes, Cy3 and Cy5, following the synthesis of cDNA from human mRNA and the hybridization of the probes to DNA microarrays.
The protocol gives general considerations for the design of targeting vectors for transgenic mice. The protocol shares tips in the design of knock-out and knock-in vectors and some of their strategies for producing homologously recombined embryonic stem cells.