In vitro differentiation of ES cells occurs when the cells are allowed to aggregate in suspension culture in the absence of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Hanging drops provide a uniform aggregate size, which is then expanded by continued growth in suspension culture. The embryoid bodies are then plated and allowed to differentiate further in culture. - [Read Differentiation of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method]
This protocol describes the isolation of fibroblasts from mouse embryos. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells are used as a feeder layer for the culture of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to help maintain them as pluripotent stem cells. The inhibition of ES-cell differentiation provided by the MEF feeders appears to be due to their production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). - [Read Isolation and Freezing of Primary Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEF) For Feeder Plates]
MEF feeders are prepared weekly to provide a substrate for undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells. Primary MEF cells are thawed, established in culture, treated with mitomycin C to halt their proliferation so they cannot overgrow the ES cultures, and then replated onto dishes convenient for ES cell culture. This protocol can also be used to prepare feeder cells from STO fibroblast cell lines. - [Read Preparation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) Feeder Plates Protocol]