factors Protocols

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

This protocol describes an in vitro transcription assay that allows for a single round of transcription from in vitro assembled chromatin. Comparing the activity of a receptor or transcriptional coactivator in an assay that measures only a single round of transcription with the results from multiple rounds of transcription can help elucidate the mechanism of transcriptional activation by those factors. - [Read Assay:Single Round of In Vitro Transcription from Assembled Chromatin Templates Using a HeLa Cell Ex]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Cell Viability Protocols

Choosing a cell viability or cytotoxicity assay from among the many different options available can be a challenging task. Includes information on: Establishing an In Vitro Model System; Choosing an Endpoint to Measure; Characterizing Assay Responsiveness; Determining Dose and Duration of Exposure; Homogeneous Assays for Multiwell Formats and Automated Screening; Additional Factors to Consider When Choosing a Cell Viability Assay; Cell Viability Assays that Measure ATP Protocol; etc.. - [Read Cell Viability Information For Protocols and Applications]

Category: DNA Protocols: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocols

Method to identify genomic targets of DNA-binding factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay on high-throughput microarray based methods for discovering genomic regions occupied by human DNA-binding proteins. Oberley and Farnham. - [Read ChIP on ChIP Protocol PDF]

Category: Drosophila Protocols: Drosophila Genetics Protocols

Protocol described here produces chromatin with regularly spaced nucleosomes having physiological nucleosome repeat lengths; something that can be difficult to achieve with purified components. In addition, chromatin assembled with the S-190 Chromatin Assembly Extract contains the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors necessary for efficient transcription. - [Read Chromatin Assembly on Template DNA with Transcription Factors and Drosophila S-190 Chromatin Assembl]

Category: Molecular Biology Protocols: Restriction Enzyme Digestion

Factors that Influence Restriction Enzyme Digestion Activity. Buffer Composition, Incubation Temperature, DNA Methylation, Star Activity, Multiple Enzymes. Laura Austgen PhD et. al, Biomedical Hypertextbook, Colorado State Univ. - [Read Factors that Influence Restriction Enzyme Digestion Activity]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH Protocol

FISH Guide and Troubleshooting. Includes: Cytogenetic techniques; Slide preparation; When do chromosomes spread; Cell suspensions; G-banding; Cell fixatives; Slide preparation factors. - [Read FISH Guide and Troubleshooting]

Category: Immunohistochemistry Protocols: Fixation Protocols

Information on histotechniques. Includes: Fixation - types of fixatives; factors affecting fixation; General usage of fixatives; Tissue Processing; Sectioning; Frozen Sections; Staining; H and E staining; Coverslipping; Decalcification; Artefacts in Histologic Sections; Problems in Tissue Processing. - [Read Histotechniques Fixation]

Category: Immunology: Immunofluorescence Protocols: Immunofluorescence Staining Protocols

Protocol for immunostaining of DDR proteins in senescent cells. Detailed methodology to study the activation of a number of DNA damage response factors in senescent human fibroblasts. - [Read Immunostaining of DDR Proteins in Senescent Cells Protocol]

Category: Immunology: Immunofluorescence Protocols

The study of the activation of DNA damage response factors at the single cell level relies on the observation of their accumulation (or the accumulation of their activated forms) in nuclear foci by plain immunofluorescence techniques. - [Read Indirect Immunofluorescence with Preextraction (In Situ Cell Fractionation) Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant Genetics Protocols

The preparation of expressional cDNA libraries for use in the yeast two-hybrid system is quick and efficient when using the dedicated Clontech™ product, the MATCHMAKER Library Construction and Screening Kit 3. This kit employs SMART technology for the amplification of full-length cDNAs, in combination with cloning using homologous recombination. - [Read Isolation of Plant Transcription Factors Using a Modified Yeast One-Hybrid System]

Category: RNA Protocols: RNA-binding Protein Purification

MACS Streptavidin Kit for purifying RNA-binding factors. See pdf below. Miltenyi Biotec - [Read MACS Streptavidin Kit]

Category: Neuroscience Protocols

Methods for structure function studies of neurotrophic factors. - [Read Methods for Structure Function Studies of Neurotrophic Factors]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Cell Viability Protocols

The latest generation of Promega cell-based assays includes luminescent and fluorescent chemistries to measure markers of cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis, as well as to perform reporter analysis. Using these tools researchers can investigate how cells respond to growth factors, cytokines, hormones, mitogens, radiation, effectors, compound libraries and other signaling molecules. The protocols provided are guidelines for multiplexing cell-based assays & are intended as starting points. - [Read Multiplexing Cell Viability Assays Protocols]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Electroporation Sonoporation Protocols

Protocol describes transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cell lines using electroporation, a process whereby external application of electric pulses induce cell membrane permeability. A number of factors can affect electrotransfection efficiency. In general, cells in suspension and small volume cells are difficult to transfect, whereas adherent cells and large volume cells are relatively easy. - [Read Optimizing Electrotransfection of Mammalian Cells In Vitro Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: PCR Optimization

PCR primer design and pcr reaction optimization. Ed Rybicki. Factors Affecting the PCR, Denaturing Temperature and Time, Annealing Temperature and Primer Design, Primer Length, Degenerate Primers, Elongation , Temperature and Time, Reaction Buffer, Cycl - [Read PCR primer design and pcr reaction optimization.]

Category: Drosophila Protocols: Drosophila Genetics Protocols

Protocol describes how to produce a soluble nuclear extract rich in basal pol II transcription factors from Drosophila embryos. This is a cell-free extract that contains all the necessary transcription factors and is capable of accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II but is deficient in core histones and histone H1. - [Read Preparation of a Highly Efficient Transcription Extract from Drosophila Embryos Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture

Matirgel is considered as basement membrane and generated from EHS sarcoma. Matrigel contains not only basement membrane components (collagens, laminin, and proteoglycans)but also matrix degrading enzymes/their inhibitors and growth factors. Invasion of tumor cells into Matrigel has been used to characterize involvement of ECM receptors and matrix degrading enzymes which play roles in tumor progression. - [Read Protocol for Matrigel Invasion Assays]

Category: HPLC Protocols

Sequence Specific Retention Calculator. A sequence-specific correction factors for prediction of peptide retention in RP-HPLC: application to protein identification by off-line HPLC-MALDI-MS. Oleg Krokhin - [Read Sequence Specific Retention Calculator]

Category: Western Blot Protocols

Procedure describes how it denatures most of the modification and degradation proteins immediately giving the most accurate read out of the true levels of protein at the time of harvest.  However, in cases where detection is a problem, a limited purification (e.g. isolation of nuclear extract for the detection of transcription factors) might be required to allow analysis. - [Read Western Blot Analysis of Endogenous Gene Expression Protocol]