exposure Protocols

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols

Different cell types vary in their phosphatidylserine (PS) content, along with the amount of PS exposure on the cell surface after cell death. This protocol is a guideline for getting started, however it may be necessary to adjust the concentration of the Annexin V-FITC. - [Read Annexin V Protocol for Flow Cytometry]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Cell Viability Protocols

Choosing a cell viability or cytotoxicity assay from among the many different options available can be a challenging task. Includes information on: Establishing an In Vitro Model System; Choosing an Endpoint to Measure; Characterizing Assay Responsiveness; Determining Dose and Duration of Exposure; Homogeneous Assays for Multiwell Formats and Automated Screening; Additional Factors to Consider When Choosing a Cell Viability Assay; Cell Viability Assays that Measure ATP Protocol; etc.. - [Read Cell Viability Information For Protocols and Applications]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols

Changes in the balance of cytoskeletal proteins after exposure to test compounds can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative biochemical methods. - [Read Cytoskeletal Alterations as a Parameter for Assessment of Toxicity]

Category: Transfection Protocols

Protocol should be viewed as a starting point for systematic optimization of transfection mediated by lipofecting agents. Once a positive signal has been obtained from a transfected plasmid carrying a standard reporter gene, optimal conditions for transfection can be established by systematic variation of parameters such as the initial cell density, the amount and purity of DNA, the media and serum, and the time of exposure of the cells to the cationic-lipid-DNA complex. - [Read DNA Transfection Mediated by Lipofection Protocol]

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

B cell activation can be quantitated indirectly by assaying antibody production or directly by measuring cellular changes that occur immediately after exposure to an activation signal. Provides methods for the latter (direct) approach--namely, methods for quantifying early parameters of B cell activation such as increases in intracellular ionized calcium concentration [Ca2+]I, cell size, and MHC class II-antigen expression. - [Read Early Events in B Lymphocyte Activation Protocol]

Category: Radioactivity: Autoradiography

Gel Autoradiography Protocols. Drying the gel, exposure, and autoradiography. Protein Fixation and Staining (Optional). ENLIGHTNING - General Procedure for Gel Autoradiography Enhancement. PerkinElmer - [Read ENLIGHTNING - General Procedure for Gel Autoradiography Enhancement]

Category: Cloning Protocols

Protocol describes a method for DNA fragmentation by sonication. During sonication, DNA samples are subjected to hydrodynamic shearing by exposure to brief periods of sonication. DNA that has been sonicated for excessive periods of time is extremely difficult to clone. - [Read Fragmentation of DNA by Sonication Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

This procedure describes a method for establishing short-term explant cultures of oesophageal mucosa. Adverse effects produced by exposure to radiation or test compounds can be detected as an inhibition of cell outgrowth. - [Read Human Oesophageal Culture Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Cytotoxicity Assays in Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol describes a method for establishing short-term explant cultures of oesophageal mucosa.  Adverse effects produced by exposure to radiation or test compounds can be detected as an inhibition of cell outgrowth. - [Read Human Oesophageal Culture Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols

Molecular and genetic toxicology studies for in vivo cytogenetics. Includes: G501 Chromosomal Aberrations in Rodent Bone Marrow Cells, G502 Single-Exposure Bone Marrow Cytotoxicity Assay. - [Read Molecular and Genetic Toxicology Studies for In Vivo Cytogenetics]

Category: Radioactivity: Radioaction Safety

Administration of the Radiation Safety Program, , Physical Security of Radioactive Materials, "As Low as Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA) Philosophy, Authorized Users, Radiation Workers , Permitted Workers, Training, Procurement, Inventory and Records, Personnel Monitoring, Radiation Exposure During Pregnancy, Laboratory Supplies and Equipment, Bioassay, Labeling, Surveys, Radioactive Waste Disposal. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA. - [Read Radiation Safety Manual]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Electroporation Sonoporation Protocols

Electrocompetent bacteria are prepared by growing cultures to mid-log phase, washing the bacteria extensively at low temperature, and then resuspending them in a solution of low ionic strength containing glycerol. DNA is introduced during exposure of the bacteria to a short high-voltage electrical discharge.

Category: Drosophila Protocols: Drosophila Genetics Protocols

Protocol describes the general procedure for creating mutations in the DNA of Drosophila by exposure to X-rays. Irradiation of cells with X-rays creates double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Mutations introduced in the DNA of germ line cells (sperm) are propagated by mating the exposed males to virgin females. The progeny of this cross can be mated to each other so that a percentage of the subsequent offspring will have two copies of the same mutant allele. - [Read X-Ray Mutagenesis of Drosophila Protocol]